Metal losses during steelmaking in arc furnaces and methods for their decreasing

Metal losses in pyrometallurgical operations - A review

“…For example, there are cobalt losses to the slag phase during the smelting and converting processes, leading to a conversion of only 30 to 60 % of recovery for the matte phase. [16]  Steel production Gudim [17] studied the metal losses during steelmaking in arc furnaces. Metal enters the furnace slag in the form of a film on CO-bubbles, originating from carbon oxidation and in the form of droplets during oxygen blowing.…”

“…The average content of iron in oxidizing steel melting slags is believed to be slightly lower than 20-25%, including 10-15% metallic iron. [17] o Ferrochrome production Losses of metal to slag are observed with a significant amount of alloy droplets with a size of 30 µm up to 2000 µm. Some entrained droplets (>1mm) can be recovered back in the metallic phase, but the remainder stays entrained in the slag.…”