Metal-Organic Framework-Based Engineered Materials—Fundamentals and Applications

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of porous crystalline materials constructed by organic ligands and inorganic connectors. Owing to their noteworthy catalytic chemistry, and matching or compatible coordination with numerous materials, MOFs offer potential applications in diverse fields such as catalysis, proton conduction, gas storage, drug delivery, sensing, separation and other related biotechnological and biomedical applications. Moreover, their designable structural topologies, high surface area, ultrahigh porosity, and tunable functionalities all make them excellent materials of interests for nanoscale applications. Herein, an effort has been to summarize the current advancement of MOF-based materials (i.e., pristine MOFs, MOF derivatives, or MOF composites) for electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and biocatalysis. In the first part, we discussed the electrocatalytic behavior of various MOFs, such as oxidation and reduction candidates for different types of chemical reactions. The second section emphasizes on the photocatalytic performance of various MOFs as potential candidates for light-driven reactions, including photocatalytic degradation of various contaminants, CO2 reduction, and water splitting. Applications of MOFs-based porous materials in the biomedical sector, such as drug delivery, sensing and biosensing, antibacterial agents, and biomimetic systems for various biological species is discussed in the third part. Finally, the concluding points, challenges, and future prospects regarding MOFs or MOF-based materials for catalytic applications are also highlighted.

Recent Advances in Photocatalytic CO2 Utilisation Over Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…Figure 1a illustrates the process of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction over MOFs under solar light irradiation. Although there are several published review papers summarising the synthesis, strategies, and applications in photocatalytic reactions, it is essential to provide a timely progress of the recent research advances in this field [17,18,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]. Figure 1b displays the continuous increase in the thousands of publications reported every year based on MOFs and CO 2 reduction reactions, showing the popularity of this field amongst scientists around the world.…”

Screening Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separation of Binary Solvent Mixtures by Compact NMR Relaxometry

“…They have gained increasing interest in recent years as an alternative to traditional nanoporous materials due to their unique combination of high porosities, large surface areas, different pore sizes, and variable topologies tailored through the use of different types of linker and metal nodes [1][2][3][4][5]. Among a large variety of possible applications [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], MOFs show great promise for separating and purifying solvent mixtures, processes of key importance in many applications [15][16][17][18][19]. It is expected that they could open an efficient alternative to existing separation procedures, which are expensive, time consuming, and very energy demanding [20,21].…”

A novel electrochemical procedure for grown of bimetallic metal–organic framework (Ni/Zn-MOF) and its derived hydroxide@C onto Ni foam as binder-free high performance battery-type electrodes for supercapacitors

“…Among all the electrode materials used, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials prepared by chemical interaction of organic linkers and metal ions or clusters [10][11][12]. MOFs have also employed for chemical separations, drug delivery, electrocatalysis, uorescence and electrochemical studies as well as energy storage purposes (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries), photocatalyst, gas sensing, water treatment, solar cells, and carbon dioxide capture [11]. Because of the unique properties such as tunable pore sizes, high porosity, extremely high surface area and ordered crystalline structures, MOFs have attracted great attention in the last two decades [2,11].…”

“…MOFs have also employed for chemical separations, drug delivery, electrocatalysis, uorescence and electrochemical studies as well as energy storage purposes (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries), photocatalyst, gas sensing, water treatment, solar cells, and carbon dioxide capture [11]. Because of the unique properties such as tunable pore sizes, high porosity, extremely high surface area and ordered crystalline structures, MOFs have attracted great attention in the last two decades [2,11]. However, the direct application of MOFs in electrode materials is limited by the poor electroconductibility, large steric hindrance and the chemical/mechanical stability [13][14][15].…”

“…Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) that categorized in the two main groups of electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) and pseudocapacitor [4] are a special kind of capacitors based on charging and discharging at the electrode-electrolyte interface of high surface area materials, such as porous carbon derived materials [5,6], graphene-based structures, conducting polymers and some transition metal oxides and hydroxides [7][8][9]. Among all the electrode materials used, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials prepared by chemical interaction of organic linkers and metal ions or clusters [10][11][12]. MOFs have also employed for chemical separations, drug delivery, electrocatalysis, uorescence and electrochemical studies as well as energy storage purposes (supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries), photocatalyst, gas sensing, water treatment, solar cells, and carbon dioxide capture [11].…”