Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Abstract

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered one of the most attractive alternative routes to transforming naturally abundant, clean, and sustainable solar energy into chemical energy. Nowadays, the most popular heterogeneous photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, has already found applications for water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, for the degradation of organic pollutants, for air purification, and for the creation of self‐cleaning coatings. However, TiO2 has a significant limitation: a large band gap (3.0–3.4 eV) that makes it impossible to use anything other than ultraviolet illumination to initiate photocatalytic processes. With a focus on efficient solar‐energy utilization, the development of new photocatalysts that are sensitive to visible light is an important direction in the theory and practice of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this regard, the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an attractive route; they have emerged as an interesting class of materials for applications in photoreactions due to their flexible tunability in composition, structure, and functional properties, along with their facilitated adsorption towards chemicals and their efficient light absorption. Moreover, they can be composed with other semiconductors to produce heterojunctions (e.g., type‐II, Z‐scheme, and S‐scheme), whose effectiveness in photogenerated charge separation has already been proven by many examples. The present critical review reports progress over the last 5 years in the preparation and activity of metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Degradation of Tetracycline with Photocatalysis by CeO2-Loaded Soybean Powder Carbon

“…This result is consistent with the EIS result. Meanwhile, although it is difficult to judge the heterostructure of Ce-doped biochar, we carefully studied the related literature [ 41 , 42 ] and believe that the heterostructure of our catalyst can be judged by the heterostructure of cerium oxide. Previous studies in the literature have shown that, usually, the positions of band edges for CeO 2 use Mott–Schottky plots and obtain UV-Vis DRS results.…”

Metal–organic frameworks in photocatalytic Z-scheme heterojunctions: an emerging technology

“…The light shielding and reversible backward reactions are suppressed in this type of configuration, resulting in higher separation of charge carriers, lower recombination rate, and improved mobility that finally contributes to efficient photocatalytic quantum yield. 30,31 Table 2 provides an overview of comparison of various types of Z-scheme photocatalysts with their properties and drawbacks.…”

Porphyrin based Ni/Co metal-organic framework: Preparation, characterization and photodegradation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene

“…In the last century, the approach to making solid-state structures has been largely serendipitous [13][14][15]. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) or porous coordination polymers, which constructed from metal nodes or clusters that connected by organic ligands coordinately, have emerged as a promising class of materials with high porosity, diverse composition, tuneable pore structure [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”