Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Sulfur‐Loaded Materials

Abstract

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered promising new energy storage systems given their outstanding theoretical energy densities. Nevertheless, issues such as low electrical conductivity and severe volume expansion, along with the formation of polysulfides during cycling, restrict their practical applications. To overcome these issues, it is necessary to find suitable and effective sulfur host materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous crystalline materials in the bourgeoning developmental stages, have demonstrated enormous potential in LSBs owing to their high porosity and tunable porous structure. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of MOF‐based sulfur‐loaded materials and discuss the charge/discharge mechanisms, strategies of enhancing battery performance, sulfur loading methods, and applications in LSBs. An outlook on future directions, prospects, and possible obstacles for the development of these materials is also provided.

On-chip high-energy interdigital micro-supercapacitors with 3D nanotubular array electrodes

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Various micro-devices with different electrode materials, different constructions and different sizes have been developed in succession. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with environmental benignity, long cycling life, ultra-high peak power density, and outstanding rate capability can readily satisfy the energy requirements for practical integrated microsystems. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Conguration strategies of MSC devices are extremely important for the normalized areal and volumetric capacitances, the main metrics for on-chip micro energy storage devices.…”

“…1–11 Various micro-devices with different electrode materials, different constructions and different sizes have been developed in succession. 12–22 Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with environmental benignity, long cycling life, ultra-high peak power density, and outstanding rate capability can readily satisfy the energy requirements for practical integrated microsystems. 23–28…”

Metal‐Organic Frameworks Functionalized Separators for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

“…Despite the fact that LIBs have been widely used in our daily lives, the limited energy and power density of commercial LIBs cannot meet the ever‐increasing market demand. Great attention has been paid to the development of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs), which have recently been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next generation batteries owing to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ) and specific capacity (1675 mA h g −1 ) [5–7] . Moreover, compared to traditional LIBs, the earth‐abundant and high‐capacity sulfur cathodes are far less ecologically harmful, cheaper, but with higher energy density (up to three times) and safety.…”

“…As the cathode material in LSBs, sulfur is in the form of polyatomic molecules, among which octasulfur (cyclo‐S8) is the most stable allotrope at room temperature. Cyclo‐S8 undergoes a series of structural and morphological changes during the charge‐discharge process, involving the formation of soluble LiPSs (Li 2 S x , 3≤x≤8) and insoluble Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S in liquid electrolyte [7,8] . The high resistances of sulfur and the intermediates formed along with their structural changes result in unstable electrochemical contact within sulfur electrodes.…”

Advances of Organosulfur Materials for Rechargeable Metal Batteries

“…There have been several thorough and in‐depth reviews about the issues and possible solutions for Li‐S batteries. [ 8 ] As a class of sulfur derivatives, organosulfur as cathode materials has attracted much attention. [ 9 ] Figure 1 shows the specific capacity and energy comparison of Li‐ion, Li‐organosulfur, and Li‐S batteries.…”