Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Hollow Carbon Nanocubes for Fast Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Developing novel coating materials for fast and sensitive solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is highly desired but few are achieved. In this work, a new material of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hollow carbon nanocubes (HCNCs) was prepared as a fiber coating material for SPME. The HCNC-coated fiber (denoted as HCNCs-F) exhibited a better enrichment performance than solid carbon nanocube (SCNC)-coated fiber (denoted as SCNCs-F) and commercial fibers based on the abundant active sites of the hollow structure, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π interactions. Moreover, because of the reduced mass-transport lengths of the hollow mesoporous structure, the HCNCs-F demonstrated a faster mass transfer compared with the SCNCs-F. The HCNCs-F was used to determine the six hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with wide linear ranges (10-2000 ng L for naphthalene and 5-2000 ng L for the other five analytes), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation < 8.8%), and low detection limits (0.03-0.70 ng L). Finally, the HCNCs-F was successfully applied for the determination of PAHs from the real water samples. It can be concluded from the results that MOF-derived hollow carbon materials are promising candidates for the fast SPME and can be used for practical applications in analytical chemistry.

Recent progress on MOF‐derived carbon materials for energy storage

“…Compared with other types of carbon materials, MOF‐derived carbon materials generally have lower density, more exposed active sites, and easier to be fully contacted with the reaction medium. Additionally, the internal cavity of the hollow carbon materials can not only increase the load of the active material and unblock the diffusion pathway but also provide a buffer space for the volume expansion of the active material for sustainable uses, 33 thereby effectively improve the overall stability of the active material 34‐37 . In particular, hollow porous carbon nanoparticles prepared from MOFs can exhibit a variety of morphologies, like dodecahedron, cube, sphere, and tube structure, and their particle and cavity sizes range from tens to hundreds of nanometers 38‐41 .…”

“…Additionally, the internal cavity of the hollow carbon materials can not only increase the load of the active material and unblock the diffusion pathway but also provide a buffer space for the volume expansion of the active material for sustainable uses, 33 thereby effectively improve the overall stability of the active material. [34][35][36][37] In particular, hollow porous carbon nanoparticles prepared from MOFs can exhibit a variety of morphologies, like dodecahedron, cube, sphere, and tube structure, and their particle and cavity sizes range from tens to hundreds of nanometers. [38][39][40][41] In all, the asprepared hollow carbon materials have rich structural diversity and controllable morphology, pore channels, and cavity size, which shows great advantages especially in the fields of energy storage applications.…”

Preparation of polypyrrole/nanosilica composite for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenol and phthalates migrated from containers to eye drops and injection solutions

“…Since fused silica SPME fibers are fragile, metal wires with high mechanical stability have been developed for daily applications in recent years. Various metallic substrates such as aluminum [ 8 ], copper [ 9 ], platinum [ 10 ], porous silver [ 11 ] and stainless steel [ 12 , 13 ] are coated with different types of sorbents [ 10 , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Many types of organic polymers such as conducting and non-conducting polymers are the most widely sorbents used as coating on metallic supports in SPME [ [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

Hollow Polyhedral Arrays Composed of a Co3O4 Nanocrystal Ensemble on a Honeycomb-like Carbon Hybrid for Boosting Highly Active and Stable Evolution Oxygen

“…9 Doping of functional heteroatoms (such as nitrogen) into carbon networks can effectively tune their intrinsic electronic structures because of their higher electronegativity (3.04) relative to carbon (2.55) and thus improve their catalysis activity. 10,11 materials such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphenes have been applied to obtain the required morphologies and compositions. 12 For the fabrication of hollow polyhedral structures, the materials do not apply because of the restriction of their morphologies.…”