Metal organic frameworks as a drug delivery system for flurbiprofen

Abstract

BackgroundMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted more attention in the last decade because of a suitable pore size, large surface area, and high pore volume. Developing biocompatible MOFs such as the MIL family as a drug delivery system is possible.PurposeFlurbiprofen (FBP), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is practically insoluble in aqueous solution, and, therefore, needs suitable drug delivery systems. Different biocompatible MOFs such as Ca-MOF and Fe-MILs (53, 100, and 101) were synthesized and employed for FBP delivery.Patients and methodsA sample of 50 mg of each MOF was mixed and stirred for 24 h with 10 mL of 5 mg FBP in acetonitrile (40%) in a sealed container. The supernatant of the mixture after centrifuging was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the loaded quantity of FBP on the MOF. The overnight-dried solid material after centrifuging the mixture was analyzed for loading percent using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and FBP release profile.ResultsThe loading values of FBP were achieved at 10.0%±1%, 20%±0.8%, 37%±2.3%, and 46%±3.1% on Ca-MOF, Fe-MIL-53, Fe-MIL-101, and Fe-MIL-100, respectively. The FBP release profiles were investigated in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4. The total release of the FBP after 2 days was obtained at 72.9, 75.2, 78.3, and 90.3% for Ca-MOF, Fe-MIL-100, Fe-MIL-53, and Fe-MIL-101, respectively.ConclusionThe MOFs are shown to be a promising drug delivery option for FBP with a significant loading percent and relatively prolonged drug release.

Zr‐Based MOFs with High Drug Loading for Adsorption Removal of Anti‐Cancer Drugs: A Potential Drug Storage

“…Release behaviors of MTX and CUR adsorbed on the surface of the synthesized MOFs were investigated in PBS (pH = 7.4) solution at 37 °C under continuous stirring for 72 hr. As shown in Figure , the MTX and CUR release profiles exhibited two stages, which this behavior is related to the location of drugs within the pores of MOF nanoparticles, dimension of pore sizes, and the kind of interactions between drug molecules and MOF nanoparticles . The first rapid release which took place during 10 hr indicated that a significant amount of drug molecules is adsorbed on the surface of MOF nanoparticles and release easily because of simple diffusion and dissolution of drug molecules in release medium and it is independent of drug concentrations .…”

“…The second step of release could be defined as a slow and steady process, which took as long as 60 hr, because of the normal desorption of drug molecules from the pores of MOFs, diffusion and consequently dissolution in release medium. This observation might be attributed to the different host‐guest interactions between the adsorbents and the adsorbate molecules, including hydrogen bonds and л‐л interaction of the organic ligands of the adsorbent frameworks with the aromatic structure of MTX and CUR drugs (see Figure S4) …”

“…This observation might be attributed to the different host-guest interactions between the adsorbents and the adsorbate molecules, including hydrogen bonds and л-л interaction of the organic ligands of the adsorbent frameworks with the aromatic structure of MTX and CUR drugs (see Figure S4). [2,45,48,49] As shown in Figure S4, the interaction between drug molecules and MOF nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding increased with raising the number of polar functional T A B L E 3 Comparison the maximum adsorption capacities of MTX and CUR onto the synthesized adsorbents with different adsorbents reported in literature…”

“…[48,49] The first rapid release which took place during 10 hr indicated that a significant amount of drug molecules is adsorbed on the surface of MOF nanoparticles and release easily because of simple diffusion and dissolution of drug molecules in release medium and it is independent of drug concentrations. [48,49] The second step of release could be defined as a slow and steady process, which took as long as 60 hr, because of the normal desorption of drug molecules from the pores of MOFs, diffusion and consequently dissolution in release medium. This observation might be attributed to the different host-guest interactions between the adsorbents and the adsorbate molecules, including hydrogen bonds and л-л interaction of the organic ligands of the adsorbent frameworks with the aromatic structure of MTX and CUR drugs (see Figure S4).…”

Self-Assembly in Polyoxometalate and Metal Coordination-Based Systems: Synthetic Approaches and Developments

“…The last decade, in an effort to exploit the inherent properties of MOFs, such as porosity, modular surface chemistry, large surface areas, and tunable pore sizes, various research groups explored the potential uses of MOF-based materials as drug delivery systems [85,86]. The low chemical and aqueous stability of some MOF structures render them highly promising candidates for drug delivery applications, taking into consideration that MOF structural units need to be biodegraded after the drug release.…”