Metal-organic frameworks as functional materials for implantable flexible biochemical sensors

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit attractive properties such as highly accessible surface area, large porosity, tunable pore size, and built-in redox-active metal sites. They may serve as excellent candidates to construct implantable flexible devices for biochemical sensing due to their high thermal and solution stability. However, MOFs-based sensors have only been mostly reported for in-vitro chemical sensing, their use in implantable chemical sensing and combination with flexible electronics to achieve excellent mechanical compatibility with tissues and organs has rarely been summarized. This paper systematically reviews the biochemical sensors based on MOFs and discusses the feasibility to achieve implantable biochemical sensing through MOFsbased flexible electronics. The properties of MOFs and underlying mechanisms have been introduced, followed by a summarization of different biochemical sensing applications. Strategies to integrate MOFs with flexible devices have been supplied from the standpoints of matching mechanics and compatible fabrication processes. Issues that should be addressed in developing flexible MOFs sensors and potential solutions have also been provided, followed by the perspective for future applications of flexible MOFs sensors. This paper may serve as a reference to offer potential guidelines for the development of flexible MOFs-based biochemical sensors that may benefit future applications in personal healthcare, disease diagnosis and treatment, and fundamental study of various biological processes.

Wet‐Adhesive On‐Skin Sensors Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Wireless Monitoring of Metabolites in Sweat

“…Conductive MOFs (cMOFs) are an emerging multifunctional materials with abundant catalytic active sites, [17] highly porous structures, [18] and intrinsic conductivity, [19] all of which are highly desirable for electrochemical sensing applications. [20][21][22][23] Integrating cMOFs as electroactive components in wearable chemical sensors has the potential to provide useful insights into personalized healthcare at the molecular level. However, cMOFs-based flexible electronic devices for wearable biosensing have rarely been explored.…”

Programmable T-Junction Structure-Assisted CRISPR/Cas12a Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Detection of Sa-16S rDNA

“…Nowadays, quantum dot (QD)-based ECL assays have attracted significant attention in basic research and clinical applications due to their size-controlled luminescence, high quantum yield, and stable light emission. , However, increasing the luminescence efficiency of QDs by adding coreaction accelerators has also attracted much attention. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely concerned by researchers and applied in the ECL system − due to their larger specific surface area, higher pore size, adjustable pore size, unsaturated metal spots, large structural elasticity, easy assembly, and other characteristics. Certain ECL luminophores like Ru complexes, N -(4-amino-butyl)- N -ethylisoluminol, nanoclusters, and QDs may be assembled onto MOFs.…”

PMA-FeCo mixed-oxide magnetic quasi-nanosheets

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The bottom-up assembly of atomic, molecular or superatomic building units is a suitable approach towards advanced functional materials because of its higher degree of modularity and potential to integrate a wide variety of properties and functions into the subsequent extended solids. 4,[12][13][14][15][16][17] For instance, the assembly of metallic nodes with organic molecules into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has led to the rapid discovery and rational design of a large number of novel materials 13,18 with widespread utility ranging from catalysis [19][20][21][22] and environmental science 23,24 to optoelectronics. 25,26 The usage of already formed building units enables us to independently tune the properties of their components, with their consequent assembly improving the understanding of their cooperative or nascent properties.…”