Metal–organic frameworks catalyzed C–C and C–heteroatom coupling reactions

Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Garcı́a, Hermenegildo

doi:10.1039/c4cs00254g

Cited by 375 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…[95,96] The reaction conditions are typically mild, the yields can be high, the scope is broad and the coupling can be compatible with a wide range of other functional groups. [95,96] The reaction conditions are typically mild, the yields can be high, the scope is broad and the coupling can be compatible with a wide range of other functional groups.…”

Section: Pd Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering UiO‐66 Metal Organic Framework for Heterogeneous Catalysis

et al. 2019

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frameworks (MOFs) are currently attracting considerable attention as heterogeneous catalysts at moderate temperatures, mainly for liquid-phase reactions. Since structural stability is one of the major concerns for the use of MOFs in catalysis, particularly considering that frequently some of the reported MOF materials are very unstable, the interest in this area has been focused on those MOFs exhibiting the highest structural robustness, UiO-66 being among the most widely used. Two introductory sections deal with the synthesis, structure and main properties of UiO-66, including its remarkable thermal (up to 350°C) and chemical (aqueous solution in a wide pH range) stability. The main body of the review summarizes those examples of using UiO-66 in catalysis grouped according to the nature of the active sites, starting with the use of UiO-66 as Lewis acids. In this section, emphasis has been made in the recent strategies to create structural defects in a controlled way that generate Lewis acidity. Other sections cover examples illustrating substituted terephthalate as active sites and the evidence that there is a synergy between acid and basic sites in close proximity that make some of these UiO-66 with substituents at the linker to act as dual acid-base catalysts. Other sections are focused on the use of UiO-66 as hosts of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides and other host, remarking the influence that the nature of UiO-66 and the possible presence of substituents in the framework play on the activity of the incorporated guest. The last section summarizes the current state of the art in the use of UiO-66 in catalysis and provides our views on future developments regarding the application of UiO-66 in industrial processes.

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Section: Pd Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering UiO‐66 Metal Organic Framework for Heterogeneous Catalysis

et al. 2019

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“…These reactions are usually carried out by using various Pd-based catalysts in different organic solvents [44]. Typically, such types of carbon-carbon couplings, including Suzuki reactions, are performed in a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous inorganic base, under inert conditions [45,46].…”

Section: Suzuki Reaction Catalyzed By Pd@graphene Nanocatalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Extract Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Pd@Graphene Nanocatalyst: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling

et al. 2017

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Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction catalyzed by the palladium (Pd)-based nanomaterials is one of the most versatile methods for the preparation of biaryls. However, use of organic solvents as reaction medium causes a big threat to environment due to the generation of toxic byproducts as waste during the work up of these reactions. Therefore, the use of water as reaction media has attracted tremendous attention due to its environmental, economic, and safety benefits. In this study, we report on the synthesis of green Pd@graphene nanocatalyst based on an in situ functionalization approach which exhibited excellent catalytic activity towards the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of phenyl halides with phenyl boronic acids under facile conditions in water. The green and environmentally friendly synthesis of Pd@graphene nanocatalyst (PG-HRG-Pd) is carried out by simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) and PdCl 2 using Pulicaria glutinosa extract (PGE) as reducing and stabilizing agent. The phytomolecules present in the plant extract (PE) not only facilitated the reduction of PdCl 2 , but also helped to stabilize the surface of PG-HRG-Pd nanocatalyst, which significantly enhanced the dispersibility of nanocatalyst in water. The identification of PG-HRG-Pd was established by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The as-prepared PG-HRG-Pd nanocatalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions under aqueous, ligand free, and aerobic conditions. Apart from this the reusability of the catalyst was also evaluated and the catalyst yielded excellent results upon reuse for several times with marginal loss of its catalytic performance. Therefore, the method developed for the green synthesis of PG-HRG-Pd nanocatalyst and the eco-friendly protocol used for the Suzuki coupling offers a mild and effective substitute to the existing protocols and may significantly contribute to the endeavors of green chemistry.

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“…In the last decade,e lectron crystallography has shown its power and successful applications in structure analysis of nanocrystalline materials with challenging structural features [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] like extra-large lattice parameters, disorder,p seudo-symmetry,s mall crystalline domains,m ultiple phases and detection of light scattering atoms (e.g., Li, B, H). [34,35] This is especially relevant in the rich domain of C À Ha ctivation catalysis,w ith formation of for example,C ÀC, CÀN, or CÀBb onds. [33] One of the main interests of stable,l arge pore MOFs is that they are flexible platforms for the immobilization of precious homogeneous metal catalysts.…”

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confidence: 99%