Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

Li, Jian‐Rong; Sculley, Julian P.; Zhou, Hong‐Cai

doi:10.1021/cr200190s

Cited by 5,883 publications

(3,046 citation statements)

References 510 publications

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“…The results reported for the flexible ZIF‐7 framework are also promising. The framework shows temperature‐dependent preferences for different C 4 isomers 32. However, only single‐component isotherms over a low‐pressure range were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

et al. 2017

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Petrochemical refineries must separate hydrocarbon mixtures on a large scale for the production of fuels and chemicals. Typically, these hydrocarbons are separated by distillation, which is extremely energy intensive. This high energy cost can be mitigated by developing materials that can enable efficient adsorptive separation. In this critical review, the principles of adsorptive separation are outlined, and then the case for C4 separations by using zeolites and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is examined. By analyzing both experimental and theoretical studies, the challenges and opportunities in C4 separation are outlined, with a focus on the separation mechanisms and structure–selectivity correlations. Zeolites are commonly used as adsorbents and, in some cases, can separate C4 mixtures well. The pore sizes of eight‐membered‐ring zeolites, for example, are in the order of the kinetic diameters of C4 isomers. Although zeolites have the advantage of a rigid and highly stable structure, this is often difficult to functionalize. MOFs are attractive candidates for hydrocarbon separation because their pores can be tailored to optimize the adsorbate–adsorbent interactions. MOF‐5 and ZIF‐7 show promising results in separating all C4 isomers, but breakthrough experiments under industrial conditions are needed to confirm these results. Moreover, the flexibility of the MOF structures could hamper their application under industrial conditions. Adsorptive separation is a promising viable alternative and it is likely to play an increasingly important role in tomorrow's refineries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

et al. 2017

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“…MOFs have advantages such as tunable porosity, chemical stability, ultrahigh specific surface area, and ability to tune the surface chemistry. These features have enabled MOFs to find applications in diverse research fields including heterogeneous catalysis,9 gas storage,10 separation,11 capture,12 and chemical sensing 13. The electrochemical properties of MOFs have recently received significant attention in the chemical literatures 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Charge Collection in MOF‐525–PEDOT Nanotube Composites Enable Highly Sensitive Biosensing

et al. 2017

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With the aim of a reliable biosensing exhibiting enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, this study demonstrates a dopamine (DA) sensor composed of conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes (PEDOT NTs) conformally coated with porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework nanocrystals (MOF‐525). The MOF‐525 serves as an electrocatalytic surface, while the PEDOT NTs act as a charge collector to rapidly transport the electron from MOF nanocrystals. Bundles of these particles form a conductive interpenetrating network film that together: (i) improves charge transport pathways between the MOF‐525 regions and (ii) increases the electrochemical active sites of the film. The electrocatalytic response is measured by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques, where the linear concentration range of DA detection is estimated to be 2 × 10−6–270 × 10−6 m and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.04 × 10−6 m with high selectivity toward DA. Additionally, a real‐time determination of DA released from living rat pheochromocytoma cells is realized. The combination of MOF5‐25 and PEDOT NTs creates a new generation of porous electrodes for highly efficient electrochemical biosensing.

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“…On the other hand, porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be considered as a promising candidate for the catalytic reaction as they have designable structures and modifiable functional groups, well‐defined pores and high surface area, significant capability for CO 2 adsorption and excellent recyclable catalytic performance 7, 8, 9, 10. The utilization of MOFs as catalysts for CO 2 conversion therefore has received tremendous attention, and several MOFs have already shown high catalytic activity in CO 2 conversion with the terminal alkyne activation, the hydroboration and cycloaddition of epoxides 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Porous Metal–Organic Framework Assembled by [Cu₃₀] Nanocages: Serving as Recyclable Catalysts for CO₂ Fixation with Aziridines

et al. 2016

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Based on a novel ligand 5‐(2,6‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)pyridin‐4‐yl)isophthalic acid (H4BCP) with large skeletons, a unique porous framework {[Cu2(BCP)(H2O)2]·3DMF}n (1) assembled by nano‐sized and censer‐like [Cu30] cages is successfully obtained and structurally characterized. In 1, the large 1D channel in frameworks and window size in the nanocages can enrich methylene blue and capture CO2, exhibiting the promising applications in environmental protection. More importantly, the explorations on the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and aziridines with various substituents suggest that 1 can serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 conversion with aziridines in a solvent‐free system, which can be reused at least ten times without any obvious loss in catalytic activity. This is the first example of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based catalysts in converting CO2 into high‐value oxazolidinones through activating aziridines and CO2, further extending the applications of MOFs materials in catalysis.

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Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

Cited by 5,883 publications

References 510 publications

Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

Enhanced Charge Collection in MOF‐525–PEDOT Nanotube Composites Enable Highly Sensitive Biosensing

A Porous Metal–Organic Framework Assembled by [Cu₃₀] Nanocages: Serving as Recyclable Catalysts for CO₂ Fixation with Aziridines

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Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

Cited by 5,883 publications

References 510 publications

Sustainable Separations of C4‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

Sustainable Separations of C4‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

Enhanced Charge Collection in MOF‐525–PEDOT Nanotube Composites Enable Highly Sensitive Biosensing

A Porous Metal–Organic Framework Assembled by [Cu30] Nanocages: Serving as Recyclable Catalysts for CO2 Fixation with Aziridines

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Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

Sustainable Separations of C₄‐Hydrocarbons by Using Microporous Materials

A Porous Metal–Organic Framework Assembled by [Cu₃₀] Nanocages: Serving as Recyclable Catalysts for CO₂ Fixation with Aziridines