Metal removal processes in a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for the treatment of semi-synthetic stormwater

Utilization of constructed wetland for the removal of heavy metal through fly ash bricks manufactured using harvested plant biomass

“…High rate of heavy metal of Cu (96 %), Zn (95 %), (Fe 93) and Cr (91 %) in the present study as compared to the Typha latifoliya, Myriophylhum aquaticum , Ludwigina palustris , Eichhornia crassipes , Schoenoplectus californicus , Cyperus papyrus and Phragmites australis reported by Crites et al (1997), Lim et al (2003), Kamal et al (2004), Nelson et al (2006), Maine et al (2009), Zhao et al (2011), Bakhshoodeh et al (2016), Mustapha et al (2018) and Hamad (2020) which indicates C. indica is the high potential for heavy metal removal and can be strongly used for industrial wastewater. However, other researchers have reported on successful wastewater treatment and pollution control using C. indica ‐based CWs (Calheiros et al, 2015; Cui et al, 2010; Samal et al, 2017; Ventura et al, 2021). Various authors have reported on the performance of the different types of CWs for wastewaters (industrial, domestic, leachate, runoff, animal form and stormwater) treatment, and the removal efficiency of Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr (Crites et al, 1997; Lim et al, 2003: Kamal et al, 2004; Nelson et al, 2006; Maine et al, 2009; Zhao et al, 2011; Bakhshoodeh et al, 2016; Mustapha et al, 2018; Hamad, 2020) has been depicted in Table 2.…”

“…Skin illnesses, asthma, cancer, dehydration, respiratory issues, cardiovascular and excretory systems and human growth retardation have been listed as major problems concerning the high concentration of heavy metals in freshwater and potable water (Ansari et al, 2020; Dutta et al, 2021; Kumar, Jigyasu, et al, 2021; Vymazal, 2005). Some metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) are important micronutrients for living organisms, despite producing toxic effects at higher concentrations (Kabata‐Pendias, 2011; Ventura et al, 2021). Moreover, heavy metals like chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) have unknown biological functions and may prove to be highly toxic to organisms even at low concentrations (Nagajyoti et al, 2010).…”

“…The literature revealed that macrophytes in CWs can accumulate heavy metals from wastewater in their stems, leaves and rhizomes/roots, indicating that they can be used as plants to remove excess heavy metals from wastewater (Anning et al, 2013; Bakhshoodeh et al, 2016; Calheiros et al, 2008; Peverly et al, 1995). Vodyanitskii and Shoba (2015) stated that macrophytes play a critical role in wetland geochemistry, further extensive root system, highly productive biomass, immobile nature and tolerance to toxicity; macrophytes can generally acquire significant quantities of heavy metals from water and sediments (Ventura et al, 2021). As a consequence, using macrophytes for phytoremediation is considered an effective strategy for heavy metals removal from wastewater (Ventura et al, 2021).…”

“…Vodyanitskii and Shoba (2015) stated that macrophytes play a critical role in wetland geochemistry, further extensive root system, highly productive biomass, immobile nature and tolerance to toxicity; macrophytes can generally acquire significant quantities of heavy metals from water and sediments (Ventura et al, 2021). As a consequence, using macrophytes for phytoremediation is considered an effective strategy for heavy metals removal from wastewater (Ventura et al, 2021). Aquatic ornamental plants (e.g., Canna indica , Acorus calamus , Spathiphyllum wallisii and Hedychium coronarium ), Aquatic plants ( Juncus effuses ) and terrestrial plants ( Pteris vittata ) are noted for producing many biomasses and being used in exploiting the phytoremediation process (Barya, Gupta, Shukla, et al, 2020; Nakbanpote et al, 2016; Rahman et al, 2020).…”

Potential of Typha latifolia L. for phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters in laboratory-scale constructed microcosm conditions

“…are diversely distributed 11 species of emergent aquatic macrophytes belonging to Typhaceae family and grow naturally in floodplains, marshes, dams, drainage channels, wetlands and dump sites. The plant species showed high tolerance and high uptake capacity of numerous pollutants from various degraded environments making it a suitable candidate for use in constructed wetlands (Manios et al 2003;Batool 2020;Hussien et al 2020;Ventura et al 2021).…”