Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland

Dang, Mai; Nørregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose; Bach, Lis; Sonne, Christian; Søndergaard, Jens; Gustavson, Kim; Aastrup, Peter; Nowak, Barbara F.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.007

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Sections of 4 m were cut, and one section was used for each fish. Briefly, the sections were stained with alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff stain (AB/PAS) at pH 2.5 to quantify mucous cells in the gills per interlamellar unit (ILU) under a bright-field light microscope (DM1000; Leica, Hamburg, Germany) (67,68). Mucous cells were counted using established methods, and the results were normalized per area (59).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hatcheries: Impacts of the Built Environment on Fish Mucosal Microbiota

Minich

Poore

Jantawongsri

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Successful rearing of fish in hatcheries is critical for conservation, recreational fishing, commercial fishing through wild stock enhancements, and aquaculture production. Flowthrough (FT) hatcheries require more water than recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), which enable up to 99% of their water to be recycled, thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. Here, we evaluated the biological and physical microbiome interactions of three Atlantic salmon hatcheries (RAS n = 2, FT n = 1). Gill, skin, and digesta from six juvenile fish along with tank biofilms and water were sampled from tanks in each of the hatcheries (60 fish across 10 tanks) to assess the built environment and mucosal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The water and tank biofilm had more microbial richness than fish mucus, while skin and digesta from RAS fish had 2 times the richness of FT fish. Body sites each had unique microbiomes (P < 0.001) and were influenced by hatchery system type (P < 0.001), with RAS being more similar. A strong association between the tank and fish microbiome was observed. Water and tank biofilm richness was positively correlated with skin and digesta richness. Strikingly, the gill, skin, and digesta communities were more similar to that in the origin tank biofilm than those in all other experimental tanks, suggesting that the tank biofilm has a direct influence on fish-associated microbial communities. Lastly, microbial diversity and mucous cell density were positively associated with fish growth and length. The results from this study provide evidence for a link between the tank microbiome and the fish microbiome, with the skin microbiome as an important intermediate. IMPORTANCE Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is the most farmed marine fish worldwide, with an annual production of 2,248 million metric tons in 2016. Salmon hatcheries are increasingly changing from flowthrough toward recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) design to accommodate more control over production along with improved environmental sustainability due to lower impacts on water consumption. To date, microbiome studies of hatcheries have focused either on the fish mucosal microbiota or on the built environment microbiota but have not combined the two to understand their interactions. Our study evaluates how the water and tank biofilm microbiota influences the fish microbiota across three mucosal environments (gill, skin, and digesta). Results from this study highlight how the built environment is a unique source of microbes to colonize fish mucus and, furthermore, how this can influence fish health. Further studies can use this knowledge to engineer built environments to modulate fish microbiota for beneficial phenotypes.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hatcheries: Impacts of the Built Environment on Fish Mucosal Microbiota

Minich

Poore

Jantawongsri

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Sections of 4 μm were cut and one section was used for each individual fish. The sections were stained with Alcian Blue/ Periodic Acid – Schiff (AB/PAS) at pH 2.5 to quantify mucous cells in the gills per inter-lamellar unit (ILU) under a bright field light microscope (Leica DM1000, Hamburg, Germany) (29, 30), to count the number of mucous cells in the skin and the number of intestinal mucous cells, normalized per area (31). For the gut morphometric measurements of the fold height, mucosa thickness, fold width, muscularis thickness, fold height, mucosa thickness, fold width, and muscularis thickness were done as previously described (32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, hatcheries: impacts of the built environment on fish mucosal microbiota

Minich

Jantawongsri

Johnston³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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ABSTRACTSuccessful rearing of fish in hatcheries is critical for conservation, recreational fishing, and commercial fishing through wild stock enhancements, and aquaculture production. Flow through (FT) hatcheries require more water than Recirculating-Aquaculture-Systems (RAS) which enable up to 99% of water to be recycled thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. Here, we evaluated the biological and physical microbiome interactions of the built environment of a hatchery from three Atl salmon hatcheries (RAS n=2, FT n=1). Six juvenile fish were sampled from tanks in each of the hatcheries for a total of 60 fish across 10 tanks. Water and tank side biofilm samples were collected from each of the tanks along with three salmon body sites (gill, skin, and digesta) to assess mucosal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. The water and tank biofilm had more microbial richness than fish mucus while skin and digesta from RAS fish had 2× the richness of FT fish. Body sites each had unique microbial communities (P<0.001) and were influenced by the various hatchery systems (P<0.001) with RAS systems more similar. Water and especially tank biofilm richness was positively correlated with skin and digesta richness. Strikingly, the gill, skin and digesta communities were more similar to the origin tank biofilm vs. all other experimental tanks suggesting that the tank biofilm has a direct influence on fish-associated microbial communities. The results from this study provide evidence for a link between the tank microbiome and the fish microbiome with the skin microbiome as an important intermediate.IMPORTANCEAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is the most farmed marine fish worldwide with an annual production of 2,248 million metric tonnes in 2016. Salmon hatcheries are increasingly changing from flow through towards RAS design to accommodate more control over production along with improved environmental sustainability due to lower impacts on water consumption. To date, microbiome studies on hatcheries have focused either on the fish mucosal microbiota or the built environment microbiota, but have not combined the two to understand interactions. Our study evaluates how water and tank biofilm microbiota influences fish microbiota across three mucosal environments (gill, skin, and digesta). Results from this study highlight how the built environment is a unique source of microbes to colonize fish mucus and furthermore how this can influence the fish health. Further studies can use this knowledge to engineer built environments to modulate fish microbiota for a beneficial phenotype.

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“…These numbers were then normalized against the number of lesions investigated, i.e., divided by the total number of potential lesions (Table 2, Normalized Total Count). For more information on the diagnoses and quantification of histological changes in Greenland sculpin studies see Sonne et al (2014), Dang et al (2017) and Verland et al (2019). The age of the fish was estimated using the "break and burn method" described in Brogan and Anderl (2012), using a transversely sectioned otolith burned to enhance surface pattern.…”

Section: Gill Histology and Age Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of such information makes it difficult to establish environmental guidelines or threshold concentrations (Gonzalez et al, 2014). Environmental monitoring of marine habitats in Greenland using fish has traditionally focused on shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius), fourhorn sculpins (M. quadricornis), Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) and, in freshwater, landlocked and anadromous Arctic char (Salvenius alpinus) (Bach et al, 2014, Dang et al, 2017Hansson et al, 2020, Søndergaard, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element concentrations, histology and serum biochemistry of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in northwest Greenland

Nørregaard

Bach

Geertz‐Hansen

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Microbial Ecology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hatcheries: Impacts of the Built Environment on Fish Mucosal Microbiota

Microbial Ecology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Hatcheries: Impacts of the Built Environment on Fish Mucosal Microbiota

Microbial ecology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, hatcheries: impacts of the built environment on fish mucosal microbiota

Element concentrations, histology and serum biochemistry of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in northwest Greenland

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