Metallophytes and Metallicolous Vegetation: Evolutionary Aspects, Taxonomic Changes and Conservational Status in Central Europe

Baumbach, Henryk

doi:10.5772/30846

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In view of the paucity of detailed reports on early succession of heavy-metal grassland, it is difficult to say whether this result is typical. A few authors mention that these communities can be seriously threatened by spontaneous encroachment of woody vegetation or afforestation (Baker et al 2010;Baumbach 2012), but they Fig. 3 Venn diagrams partitioning the variation of species composition and species richness between three sets of explanatory variables (adjusted R 2 in %): P -pine stand parameters, E -abiotic environmental factors, and S -spatial variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metalliferous sites have recently become high-priority conservation targets in Europe (Baker et al 2010;Baumbach 2012). They are cultural heritage sites associated with earlier metal ore mining and metallurgy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are cultural heritage sites associated with earlier metal ore mining and metallurgy. They are also, and primarily, localities of a highly specialized flora formed by plant species, subspecies and ecotypes that under strong selection pressure, have developed morphological, anatomical or physiological adaptations enabling them to survive in extremely hostile habitats (Shaw 1990;Baker et al 2010;Baumbach 2012). These plants, known as metallophytes, withstand the high content and consequently high toxicity of heavy metals, and also survive under nutrient and water scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do heavy-metal grassland species survive under a Scots pine canopy during early stages of secondary succession?

Kapusta

Szarek-Łukaszewska

Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska

et al. 2015

Folia Geobot

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The highly specialized flora of localities affected by former metal ore mining and metallurgy is endangered by succession or intentional afforestation all over Europe. Its last remnants therefore deserve our attention. We examined whether Scots pine encroaching on a heavy-metal grassland (Olkusz Zn-Pb mining area, S Poland) is outcompeting specialized herbaceous species, as has been observed elsewhere. Plant species composition and richness sampled at 124 plots were analysed in relation to pine stand parameters (canopy cover, stand age, stand basal area), abiotic environmental factors (e.g. soil properties) and spatial variables (e.g. plot coordinates). Plots were divided into three shading categories and compared in terms of vegetation and habitat parameters. Scots pine outcompeted several light-demanding species, leading to a decrease of total species richness and cover. Characteristic species of this grassland (Biscutella laevigata, Silene vulgaris) and some metal-tolerant plants were clearly insensitive to shading. For these early successional species, more important was the availability of microsites with shallow skeletal soil or bare subsoil. Tree stand parameters differently affected grassland vegetation: canopy cover caused primarily a compositional shift in the community, while stand age was the principal agent of decline in species richness. Scots pine increased the soil concentrations of available Ca and Mg, and negatively affected soil development (organic matter and mineral particle accumulation), which might be beneficial to some shade-tolerant grassland species. Maintaining the studied grassland's present species richness and composition would require cutting woody plants less frequently than recommended for dry grasslands of non-metalliferous sites, and disturbing the soil surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do heavy-metal grassland species survive under a Scots pine canopy during early stages of secondary succession?

Kapusta

Szarek-Łukaszewska

Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska

et al. 2015

Folia Geobot

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“…they have developed various adaptations to cope with metal toxicity and are restricted to metal-enriched habitats (Kruckeberg and Kruckeberg 1989 ; Prasad and Hagemeyer 1999 ). Currently, a high rate of population decline of these species is recorded, which provokes actions towards their conservation (Whiting et al 2004 ; Baker et al 2010 ; Baumbach 2012 ). Other metallophytes are more cosmopolitan (facultative metallophytes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in dry grassland communities along a heavy metals gradient

2015

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The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in plant communities growing on metal-enriched sites created by historical Zn–Pb mining. The study sites were 65 small heaps of waste rock covered by grassland vegetation and scattered mostly over agricultural land of southern Poland. The sites were described in terms of plant coverage, species richness and composition, and the composition of plant traits. They were classified using phytosociological methods and detrended correspondence analysis. Identified plant communities were compared for vegetation parameters and habitat properties (soil characteristics, distance from the forest) by analysis of variance. The variation in plant community parameters was explained by multiple regression, in which the predictors were properties of the habitat selected on the basis of factor analysis. Grasslands that developed at low and high concentrations of heavy metals in soil were similar to some extent: they were composed on average of 17–20 species (per 4 m2), and their total coverage exceeded 90 %. The species composition changed substantially with increasing contamination with heavy metals; metal-sensitive species withdrew, while the metal-tolerant became more abundant. Other important predictors of community structure were: proximity to the forest (responsible for the encroachment of competitive forest species and ruderals), and the thickness of the surface soil (shallow soil favored the formation of the heavy metal grassland). The heavy metal grassland was closely related to the dry calcareous grasslands. The former was an earlier succession stage of the latter at low contamination with heavy metals.

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“…Calamine grasslands benefit from conservation programs and are considered as a threaten habitat type that is legally protected by European (European Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, Appendix I, habitat type 6130), national or regional laws. Among sites of the Natura 2000 network, 118 are designated for this habitat type 25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Re-introduction of an extinct population of Pulsatilla patens using different propagation techniques

Żabicka

Żabicki

Słomka

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The study focuses on the propagation of a rare and endangered plant species (Pulsatilla patens) to re-introduce an extinct population from calamine area in Southern Poland. The plants were propagated from seeds, rhizome cuttings, or regenerated in vitro from shoot tips, hypocotyls with roots or cotyledons of seedlings on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25 or 0.50 mg L−1 BAP (Benzylaminopurine) via direct and indirect organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (SE). The most efficient micropropagation method was with shoot tips as an explant on MS + 0.25 mg L−1 BAP where 97% of the explants produced multiple shoots, mass SE was observed after transfer on ½ MS with 2% saccharose; 267 (35%) shoots rooted on ½ MS + 2% saccharose were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Flow cytometry revealed genome size stability of propagated plantlets. Low genetic differentiation between micropropagated plantlets and initial material was indicated by ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Totally, 132 vigorous plantlets obtained on various pathways were introduced to the field plots in 2020; 30.33% survived the winter, and several reached the generative stage and flowered in the spring 2021. In next season (March/April 2022) the number of introduced plants decreased to 25% while the number of flowering and fruiting shoots in different clumps increased in some plots. This is the first report of successful re-introduction of the endangered P. patens based on micropropagation, rhizome cuttings, and seed germination.

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Metallophytes and Metallicolous Vegetation: Evolutionary Aspects, Taxonomic Changes and Conservational Status in Central Europe

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Do heavy-metal grassland species survive under a Scots pine canopy during early stages of secondary succession?

Do heavy-metal grassland species survive under a Scots pine canopy during early stages of secondary succession?

Variation in dry grassland communities along a heavy metals gradient

Re-introduction of an extinct population of Pulsatilla patens using different propagation techniques

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