Metallurgical and mechanical methods for recycling of lithium-ion battery pack for electric vehicles

Liu, Yun; Linh, Duy; Shui, Lingling; Peng, Xiongbin; Garg, Akhil; Le, My Loan Phung; Asghari, Saeed; Sandoval, Jayne

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.025

Cited by 215 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As illustrated in Figure 1, the assessment covers the following vehicle life cycle stages: As already mentioned, End-of-life (EoL) management as well as all associated energy credits arising from the recovered materials were excluded from the present analysis. This decision was principally based on the fact that, while many options are being considered (Ordoñez et al, 2016;Raugei and Winfield, 2017;Wang and Wu, 2017;Yun et al, 2018;Glencore, 2018;Sumito, 2018;Umicore, 2018;), a mature, standardized and widely-adopted take-back and recycling scheme for Li-ion EV batteries is not yet in place. An additional consideration was M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Lca Model Of a Compact Battery Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Can electric vehicles significantly reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy? Scenarios of compact vehicles in the UK as a case in point

Raugei

Hutchinson

Morrey

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly regarded as the way forward to deliver a muchneeded improvement in the transport sector's sustainability profile, and the UK is embarking on a major transition towards them. While previous studies focused mainly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this article assesses the extent to which EVs may contribute to reducing the UK's dependence on (mostly imported) non-renewable primary energy. The study combines a life-cycle model of a compact battery electric vehicle (BEV) with a prospective energy analysis of a range of electricity supply alternatives for the vehicle's use phase. The key metric analysed is the non-renewable cumulative energy demand (nr-CED). Results show that, already under current conditions, the nr-CED of a compact BEV in the UK is lower by approximately 34% with respect to that of an otherwise similar internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Such reduction is then expected to improve further under all future scenarios, indicating that a transition to EVs is indeed a M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 recommendable option to reduce the UK's demand for non-renewable energy, especially if this is accompanied by a shift to a more renewable electric grid.

show abstract

Section: Lca Model Of a Compact Battery Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Can electric vehicles significantly reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy? Scenarios of compact vehicles in the UK as a case in point

Raugei

Hutchinson

Morrey

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study in [8] employs a modelling framework for the global lithium cycle based on dynamic material flow analysis to assess the potential for lithium recovery from EV battery recycling, while the challenges identified in this field include not only the cost-effectiveness of the recycling technologies, but also the efficiency of material recovery processes and the required infrastructure. In the same direction, the authors in [9] focus on the metallurgical and mechanical methods for recycling of lithium-ion battery pack for EVs, summarizing the two main basic aspects of recycling battery packs, namely mechanical procedure and chemical recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) study that examines a number of scenarios that complement the primary use phase of electric vehicle (EV) batteries with a secondary application in smart buildings in Spain, as a means of extending their useful life under less demanding conditions, when they no longer meet the requirements for automotive purposes. Specifically, it considers a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery to analyze four second life application scenarios by combining the following cases: (i) either reuse of the EV battery or manufacturing of a new battery as energy storage unit in the building; and (ii) either use of the Spanish electricity mix or energy supply by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Based on the Eco-indicator 99 and IPCC 2007 GWP 20a methods, the evaluation of the scenario results shows that there is significant environmental benefit from reusing the existing EV battery in the secondary application instead of manufacturing a new battery to be used for the same purpose and time frame. Moreover, the findings of this work exemplify the dependence of the results on the energy source in the smart building application, and thus highlight the importance of PVs on the reduction of the environmental impact.

show abstract

“…The emergence of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) operated electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the solutions towards the mitigation of the current environmental reality the society is facing nowadays. In context of research development in LIBs, the significant amount of efforts is paid in development of the new electrode materials, heat dissipation of battery pack, and development of battery‐modeling methods used for evaluation of battery states . Research has been done on the recovery of materials and recycling of a single battery; however, the research on recycling of entire battery pack poses a greater challenge because in a battery pack, hundreds of batteries are embedded and connected in series of parallel with a large number of electric components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In context of research development in LIBs, the significant amount of efforts is paid in development of the new electrode materials, heat dissipation of battery pack, and development of battery-modeling methods used for evaluation of battery states. [1][2][3] Research has been done on the recovery of materials and recycling of a single battery; however, the research on recycling of entire battery pack poses a greater challenge 1 because in a battery pack, hundreds of batteries are embedded and connected in series of parallel with a large number of electric components. The existing technologies to recycle the batteries are tedious and requires a lot man hours with the lack of standardization of methods because of different configurations of battery packs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined experimental‐numerical framework for residual energy determination in spent lithium‐ion battery packs

Garg

Liu

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The present research proposes a combined framework that evaluates remaining capacity, material behavior, ions concentration of remaining metals, and current rate of chemical reactions of spent Li‐ion batteries accurately. Voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and capacity were studied during charging and discharging cycles. Genetic programming was applied on the obtained data to develop a model to predict remaining capacity. The results of experimental work and those estimated from model were found to be correlated, confirming the validation of model. Materials structure and electrochemical behavior of electrodes during cycles were studied by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectrum.

show abstract

Metallurgical and mechanical methods for recycling of lithium-ion battery pack for electric vehicles

Cited by 215 publications

References 84 publications

Can electric vehicles significantly reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy? Scenarios of compact vehicles in the UK as a case in point

Can electric vehicles significantly reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy? Scenarios of compact vehicles in the UK as a case in point

Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios

A combined experimental‐numerical framework for residual energy determination in spent lithium‐ion battery packs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About