“…The HDPE coupons required for the static immersion tests were prepared and cleaned exactly in the same fashion as mentioned in our previous paper. 6 HDPE coupons were immersed in the fuel blends for a period of 4 days, 30 days and 90 days. The methodology adopted for the present investigation is schematically represented in Figure 1.Figure 1.Methodology of degradation analysis of HDPE in fuel blends.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 The polymer can lose its properties on exposure to fuel blends owing to permeation, swelling, plasticization and leaching. 6 There is a growing concern regarding excessive dependance on fossil fuel-based resources and the environmental issues that result from their usage. The recently concluded UN Climate Change Summit (Oct-Nov 2021) held at Glasgow, Scotland, emphasized the need to transition away from fossil fuels.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 The polymer can lose its properties on exposure to fuel blends owing to permeation, swelling, plasticization and leaching. 6…”
We are now well on the path of transitioning away from the fossil fuel resources on cutting down their consumption as much as possible. The fuels chosen for this study include ethanol-butanol (EB) -gasoline, acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) -gasoline and methanol-butanol (MB) -gasoline blends. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a polymer that is extensively used in several auto parts and fuelling infrastructure materials. Incompatibility between these blends and fueling infrastructure system should be studied comprehensively for the adoption of these alternative fuels to be faster and hassle free. This study intends to gauge the changes in HDPE because of its immersion in the gasoline-alcohol blends mentioned for a period of 4, 30 & 90 days. The changes were ascertained by studying the mass, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of the samples before and after immersion into blends. Sophisticated techniques were used to characterize the morphological and chemical changes of the polymer. The results showed that there was an increase in the mass of the HDPE samples as a result of the absorption of the blends by the polymeric samples. A decrease in tensile strength and hardness values were recorded for the samples whereas the elongation values were found to increase. Studies revealed that there was neither fuel degradation nor any oxidative degradation of the polymeric sample. The results indicated an increase in the mass and elongation of the HDPE as a result of the absorption of the fuel leads to lesser stable polymeric matrix and decrease in the percentage crystallinity. Hence this investigation led us to the conclusion that all the fuels blends studied are highly compatible with HDPE, even in instances where a change in the mechanical properties is seen, it is similar to that seen in gasoline.
“…The HDPE coupons required for the static immersion tests were prepared and cleaned exactly in the same fashion as mentioned in our previous paper. 6 HDPE coupons were immersed in the fuel blends for a period of 4 days, 30 days and 90 days. The methodology adopted for the present investigation is schematically represented in Figure 1.Figure 1.Methodology of degradation analysis of HDPE in fuel blends.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 The polymer can lose its properties on exposure to fuel blends owing to permeation, swelling, plasticization and leaching. 6 There is a growing concern regarding excessive dependance on fossil fuel-based resources and the environmental issues that result from their usage. The recently concluded UN Climate Change Summit (Oct-Nov 2021) held at Glasgow, Scotland, emphasized the need to transition away from fossil fuels.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 The polymer can lose its properties on exposure to fuel blends owing to permeation, swelling, plasticization and leaching. 6…”
We are now well on the path of transitioning away from the fossil fuel resources on cutting down their consumption as much as possible. The fuels chosen for this study include ethanol-butanol (EB) -gasoline, acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) -gasoline and methanol-butanol (MB) -gasoline blends. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a polymer that is extensively used in several auto parts and fuelling infrastructure materials. Incompatibility between these blends and fueling infrastructure system should be studied comprehensively for the adoption of these alternative fuels to be faster and hassle free. This study intends to gauge the changes in HDPE because of its immersion in the gasoline-alcohol blends mentioned for a period of 4, 30 & 90 days. The changes were ascertained by studying the mass, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of the samples before and after immersion into blends. Sophisticated techniques were used to characterize the morphological and chemical changes of the polymer. The results showed that there was an increase in the mass of the HDPE samples as a result of the absorption of the blends by the polymeric samples. A decrease in tensile strength and hardness values were recorded for the samples whereas the elongation values were found to increase. Studies revealed that there was neither fuel degradation nor any oxidative degradation of the polymeric sample. The results indicated an increase in the mass and elongation of the HDPE as a result of the absorption of the fuel leads to lesser stable polymeric matrix and decrease in the percentage crystallinity. Hence this investigation led us to the conclusion that all the fuels blends studied are highly compatible with HDPE, even in instances where a change in the mechanical properties is seen, it is similar to that seen in gasoline.
“…Many studies have shown that alternative fuels such as biodiesel, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] DME, 22,23 methanol, 24 ethanol, 25,26 and ketones 27 have compatibility problems with fuel system elastomers. Fischer-Tropsch fuel is regarded as one of the prospective alternative fuels for fossil fuel due to its wide range of sources, such as coal, natural gas, and biomass, and its capability to reduce hazardous emissions when utilized in diesel engines.…”
The compatibility of elastomers used in engine fuel system with Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuel is essential, but there is very limited research available on it. In this work, the compatibility between four types of commonly used elastomers in fuel system and FT fuel was experimentally investigated. The assessed elastomers including nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), fluoroelastomer (FKM), and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were exposed to FT fuel which derived from natural gas for 21 days. The properties of the elastomers such as mass, volume, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength were measured before and after immersion, at the same time the change rates of these properties were calculated. The results demonstrated that all properties of EPDM deteriorated significantly after soak, and its compatibility with FT fuel was the worst, making it unsuitable for FT engines. NBR, FKM, and CPE all showed low rates of property change, with FKM exhibiting the greatest compatibility performance with FT fuel. Additionally, the O-rings made of FKM were submerged in FT fuel and diesel for 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, respectively. It was found that the mass and volume variations of FKM O-rings in FT fuel were negligible and comparable with those of diesel fuel.
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