Metals, Metalloids and Toxicity in Date Palms: Potential Environmental Impact

Williams, John R.; Pillay, A. E.

doi:10.4236/jep.2011.25068

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Table (1) displays the concentration of cadmium as mg/kg of the three date cultivars (Barakawi, Gondalia and Kulma) on fresh weight basis at four locations. Results of the four locations showed insiginificant (p ≥0.05) concentration of cadmium in the three cultivars of date.…”

Section: Cadmium Concentration Of Three Date Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Date palm is one of the major fruit crops in the Sudan because of the prevailing favorable climate for date cultivation, availability of abundant irrigation water and longterm experience acquired by the population in date cultivation together with related activities. The major production areas of dates are the Northern and Nile States that are famous of a large number of cultivars such as Mishrigy, Wad Lagai, Wad Khatib, Barakawi, Gondalia, Gau and others that are differ mainly in moisture contents but the major production date in Sudan is based on dry dates for which Sudan is very famous [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term of heavy metals and semi-metals refer to metals with more than 4g/cm3 density per cubic centimeter and atomic weight of 5, 63 to 3,200, These elements are toxic for the organisms in concentrations above the critical threshold [8][9][10]. Heavy metals considered as one of the most important pollutants to the environment because of their toxicity, non-biodegradability [1]. Of all the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are the major hazardous air pollutants and toxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) From Sudan

Hamadnalla¹

2021

J Biotechnol Bioinforma Res

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The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. A date palm fruit is an important component of the diet in most of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The Present study aimed at investigating two heavy metals (lead, Pb) and (cadmium, Cd) as mg/kg in three date palm cultivars cultivated in Sudan (Gondalia, Barakawi and Kulma). The results showed insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) concentration of the two heavy metals (cadmium and lead) between the various cultivars in the four local market (sites) (Libya, Bahri, Soug Sitta and workshop). Cadmium concentration was ranged from (0.006 - 0.043 mg/kg) and lead (0.02 - 0.029 mg/kg) for all cultivars at the four locations. Although most of the cultivars had comparable concentration of cadmium, workshop showed the highest (0.043 mg/kg) cadmium. Soug Sitta showed the highest levels of lead (0.029 mg/kg) among the other four locations. Results revealed that that cadmium concentrations of the study at low concentrations if compared with limit of CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION (2011) inverse to lead concentration. Finally, new ways of exhibition and packaging of date should introduced for safety and protection from any contaminant and heavy metals, which was set as a recommendation.

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Section: Cadmium Concentration Of Three Date Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) From Sudan

Hamadnalla¹

2021

J Biotechnol Bioinforma Res

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“…A comparative study between mechanical and manual pollination in two premier Saudi Arabian date palm cultivars was done [26]. The typical concentrations of 17 elements in the date palm are summarized and compared with existing data in the scientific literature [27]. Distribution of heavy metals in soil and accumulation in plants at an agricultural area of Umudike, Nigeria [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Determination of Some Trace Elements as Pollutants in Fruit Dates Palm and Agricultural Soils at Zilfi Province

Suleman¹

2014

SJAC

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Some trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co and Cr,) which could be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi province was measured using ICP-MS. The area of study, the date palm farms found at Zilfi province, was surfed during September 2013 taking 11 samples of soil from these farms randomly. Also 11 samples of date palm fruit (fully ripe, stage of Tamer) were collected from the same farms. The pH and electric conductivity was measured to the soil samples. (ICP-MS) spectrophotometers were used to determine the concentrations of the elements in both soil and dates (washed and unwashed). The concentration of Ag in all samples was higher the Saskatchewan quality standards for soils .All soil samples were found to be contaminated with As, because all these concentrations of arsenic are more than Saskatchewan quality standards for soils (11(mg/kg)), and SQGE soil quality guideline for environmental health (17(mg/kg). All elements concentrations date fruits samples are less compared to literature elements concentrations. As general the concentrations of these elements are less in washed date samples compared to unwashed ones.

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“…Compared to similar current instrumental techniques the laser technique dominates in terms of sample handling and analysis time. XRF and charged particle beams [14,15] require sophisticated hardware and sample preparation. Overall, laser ablation is recommended for specific applications such as depth profiling and elemental distribution studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-UV Ablative Laser Technology: A Technical Review

Pillay¹,

Samuel²,

Elkadi³

et al. 2017

Res. Rev. J Mat. Sci

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Ablative laser technology has been used successfully as a tool in scientific applications particularly to evaluate the homogeneity of materials and to depth-profile samples with the object of attaining elemental distribution at subsurface levels. Pulsed micro-beams strike a target with pinpoint accuracy and produce trace elemental information both spatially and in the substrate. Exploring different strata of a sample can produce data on impurities buried deep within the sample matrix. This is particularly important in cases where hidden impurities can make a difference to the performance of certain samples, such as semi-conductors or biomedical specimens. Stochastic effects such as imperfect crater formation, erratic energy pulses and unpredictable drift in beam energy could significantly affect the results of research applications. These technical features are controlled by sophisticated software, which plays a salient role in stabilizing the instrument. Samples are usually heterogeneous in nature, such as rocks, reservoir cores and concrete structures, and sample heterogeneity, therefore, is a factor that precludes adoption of conventional protocol for standardization of the technique. Soft samples such as gels and waxes could undergo standardization under special conditions. However, the technique is largely semi-quantitative for solids and is particularly attractive for exploring the homogeneity of solid targets, which reflects the level of elemental distribution within the sample matrix. The laser unit is coupled to a Perkin Elmer ICP-MS instrument and maintenance of consistent operation parameters is crucial for accurate and reproducible results. The laser beam wavelength is in the deep UV region and the system is operated with a beam of 213 nm of variable diameter between 5-100 μm, gas flow of 0.8 L/min, energy pulse rate of 60 MHz, and beam energy between 30-60%. Compared to other current instrumental techniques, ablative laser technology is superior for depth-profiling and surface analysis.

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Metals, Metalloids and Toxicity in Date Palms: Potential Environmental Impact

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) From Sudan

Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) From Sudan

Spectroscopic Determination of Some Trace Elements as Pollutants in Fruit Dates Palm and Agricultural Soils at Zilfi Province

Deep-UV Ablative Laser Technology: A Technical Review

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