Metamaterial-based energy harvesting for GSM and satellite communication frequency bands

Abstract

A metamaterial-based energy harvesting structure has been designed and experimentally tested in this study. The proposed structure has square and split ring resonators placed in different angles on the back and front sides for compatible multiband operation in energy harvesting. Resonance points have been defined at 900 MHz, 1.37 GHz, 1.61 GHz, 1.80 GHz, and 2.55 GHz, by simulation and experimental methods. These points correspond to Global System for Communication (GSM) 900, GSM 1800, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), satellite navigation, and Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band frequencies. Supporting multiband application in a single structure without changing dimensions or design is one of the properties of this study. To harvest captived electromagnetic energy, an HSMS 2860 Schottky diode has been used. For wireless power transmission efficiency, voltage across the Schottky diode has been measured by a spectrum analyzer in different points experimentally. The maximum obtained voltage across the Schottky diode is 90 mV at 1800 MHz when a 500 mV signal is applied from a 5 cm distance. Simulated and experimental results prove that the proposed structure can effectively be used in GSM, satellite communication, and UMTS electromagnetic bands for energy harvesting and filtering applications.

Triple‐band metasurface absorber for RF energy harvesting applications

“…The harvesting capability of the proposed device can be evaluated by the harvesting efficiency, defined as 15–19 $$$\eta =\frac{{P}_{\mathrm{load}}}{{P}_{\mathrm{inc}}},$$$where $${P}_{\mathrm{inc}}$$ is the total time‐average incident power on the metasurface absorber, and $${P}_{\mathrm{load}}$$ represents the load power $$${P}_{\mathrm{load}}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\frac{{<mpadded xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">V</mpadded>}_{{L}_{i}}^{2}}{{R}_{{L}_{i}}}.$$$…”

“…Metasurface absorber‐based energy harvesting device was first investigated by Ramahi et al, 15 where a resistance was connected across the gap of a split‐ring resonator to work as a load. Later on, various electromagnetic energy harvesting devices have been discussed with improved efficiency by using different methods for different frequency bands and applications 16–19 . A single‐band metasurface absorber has a limitation of narrow bandwidth; therefore, there is a requirement for multiband metasurface absorbers for energy harvesting.…”

Metamaterial Inspired Structure With Offset-Fed Microstrip Line for Multi Band Operations

“…The ε-negative metamaterial has spurred in millimeter wave frequency, such as phase shifter [10], circular polarization [11], and eliminates cross polarization [12]. Metamaterial absorber can be used for energy harvesting [13], multiband polarization [14], and wide-band characteristics [15].…”

Differentially-Fed, Multi-Band Dual-Polarized Filtering Patch Antenna Without Extra Circuits

“…In most designs of filtering antennas, very few of them can be applied in dual-polarized antenna systems with multi-band applications. At the same time, in most multiband antenna designs, filtering responses are not taken into consideration [2,14,15]. In view of this, a multi-band filtering antenna with dual-polarized performance is proposed in this paper.…”