Metamorphosis delay in<i>Xenopus laevis</i>(Daudin) tadpoles exposed to a 50 Hz weak magnetic field

Severini, Maurizio; Bosco, Luigi; Alilla, Roberta; Loy, Massimo; Bonori, M.; Giuliani, Livio; Bedini, Angelico; Giliberti, Claudia; Palomba, Raffaele; Pesolillo, Simone; Giacomozzi, Emanuele; Castellano, A. Congiu

doi:10.3109/09553000903137687

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Development and growth of Xenopus is controlled by an endocrine feedback system (Hanke, ), by natural environmental factors including nutrition, population density, water care (Hilken et al, ), and temperature (Nieuwkoop and Faber, ; Grimaldi et al, ), and by man‐produced environmental conditions such as weak magnetic fields (Severini et al, ), and water pollution by cadmium (Sharma and Patiño, ) or estradiol‐17β (Sharma and Patiño, ). The tadpoles from the experiment XENOPUS performed on the 12‐day Soyuz mission TMA13 in 2008 revealed modifications in their postflight development, metamorphosis and growth that can be related to (1) the rearing conditions and (2) to the microgravity exposure and its impact on the hormonal system during the early period of the tadpoles' life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-related sensitivity of development and growth to real microgravity inXenopus laevis

Horn

Gabriel

2013

J. Exp. Zool.

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Exposure of organisms to microgravity can induce morphological, physiological, and behavioral modifications which normalize after re-entry in 1g-condition within hours to few weeks. Development of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, their metamorphosis, and adults' growth were monitored for 3 years after their flight on the 12-day Soyuz mission TMA13 to the International Space Station. At onset of microgravity, tadpoles had just developed the hind limb (stage 47) or forelimb bud (stage 50). Recordings during the first 4 days after landing revealed no differences of developmental progresses and growth between flight and ground tadpoles. Further development and growth were strongly retarded in all animals; nevertheless, significant differences appeared between flight and ground groups during this postflight period. They include (1) acceleration of development in stage 47 but not stage 50 flight tadpoles; (2) earlier metamorphosis of stage 47 flight tadpoles compared to their 1g-ground controls while stage 50 flight tadpoles metamorphosed later than their ground controls; (3) maintenance of a tail during the juvenile stage exclusively in some stage 47 flight animals, and (4) accelerated growth of stage 47 male flight toads but retarded growth of stage 50 flight males compared to the respective 1g-ground control males. No difference of growth was detected between flight and ground females after metamorphosis. All differences between flight and ground animals disappeared 1 year after landing. We conclude (1) that limited spatial and nutritional conditions during the mission period caused developmental retardation, and (2) that the thyroid gland of Xenopus is susceptible to spatial environment, in particular, during the period of beginning activation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-related sensitivity of development and growth to real microgravity inXenopus laevis

Horn

Gabriel

2013

J. Exp. Zool.

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“…In 2010 Severini et al conducted research on the influence of weak electromagnetic fields on Xenopus laevis development capacity [111]. In the experiment tadpoles were exposed to electromagnetic field of frequency of 50 Hz and the intensity within the range from 50.76 A·m −1 to 60.69 A·m −1 for 60 days.…”

Section: Field Influence On Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Electromagnetic Pollution on Living Organisms: Historical Trends and Forecasting Changes

Redlarski

Lewczuk

Żak

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

145

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Current technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. In many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. The harm caused by this pollution is still open to question since there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. This is despite the fact that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields were classified as potentially carcinogenic. For these reasons, in recent decades a significant growth can be observed in scientific research in order to understand the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms. However, for this type of research the appropriate selection of relevant model organisms is of great importance. It should be noted here that the great majority of scientific research papers published in this field concerned various tests performed on mammals, practically neglecting lower organisms. In that context the objective of this paper is to systematise our knowledge in this area, in which the influence of electromagnetic radiation on lower organisms was investigated, including bacteria, E. coli and B. subtilis, nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, land snail, Helix pomatia, common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.

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“…It has also been proven that birds avoid places with increased electromagnetic background, especially those with high frequencies [ 17 ]. The frog Xenopus laevis was used in research on the influence of electromagnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz and an intensity of 50.76 A m −1 to 60.69 A m −1 on development indicators [ 18 ]. It was observed that the activity of these fields accelerated the mean metamorphosis time of tadpoles by 2.4 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Honeybee Antioxidant System after 12 h of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field Frequency of 50 Hz and Variable Intensity

Migdał

Murawska

Strachecka

et al. 2020

Insects

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In recent years, on a global scale, more and more reports of a phenomenon called CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder) have been reported. In addition to pesticides, diseases, and other environmental stressors, electromagnetic fields are also mentioned as one of the possible causes of CCD. One of the body’s first lines of defense against harmful factors is the antioxidant system. We hypothesized that electromagnetic field upregulate the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalases), and changed FRAP (total antioxidant potential) in honeybee hemolymph. In our research, 12 h bee’s exposure to E-field was analyzed to determine changes in the antioxidant system. The frequency of 50 Hz and various intensities were used: 5.0 kV/m, 11.5 kV/m, 23.0 kV/m, and 34.5 kV/m. Superoxide dismutase was characterized by four times higher activity in the study groups as compared to the control group. Catalase activity in all groups was characterized by statistically significantly different activity between the groups. The highest activity was recorded in the 34.5 kV/m group. The lowest activity was recorded in the 11.5 kV/m group. A relationship was found between different E-field intensities and changes in the antioxidant system.

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Metamorphosis delay inXenopus laevis(Daudin) tadpoles exposed to a 50 Hz weak magnetic field

Abstract: A long-term exposure of X. laevis tadpoles to a relatively weak 50 Hz magnetic field causes a sub-lethal effect that slows down their larval developmental rate and delays their metamorphosis.

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Gender-related sensitivity of development and growth to real microgravity inXenopus laevis

Gender-related sensitivity of development and growth to real microgravity inXenopus laevis

The Influence of Electromagnetic Pollution on Living Organisms: Historical Trends and Forecasting Changes

Changes in the Honeybee Antioxidant System after 12 h of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field Frequency of 50 Hz and Variable Intensity

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