“…The majority of studies address pre-service teacher education in some capacity (Bartleet et al, 2020;Dawn, 2005;Đurđanović et al, 2018;Emmanuel, 2005;Joseph, 2005Joseph, , 2012aJoseph & Hartwig, 2015;Joseph & Trinick, 2016;Klopper, 2010;Lasauskiene, 2017Lasauskiene, , 2018Lasauskiene & Bagdonaviciute, 2018;Miettinen et al, 2018;Txakartegi & Gómez, 2008;Westerlund et al, 2015). For example, Miettinen et al (2018) mapped 'the intercultural competences that are required of music teacher educators and that are provided in the music education programmes at two higher music education institutions in Israel and Finland' (p. 67).…”