Metastatic Tumors to Testicles: Routes of Metastasis

Scrotal wall metastasis as the first manifestation of primary gastric adenocarcinoma

“…They include retrograde venous embolism, retrograde lymphatic extension, arterial embolism, direct invasion along the testicular cord, and transperitoneal seeding through a congenital hydrocele. 9 Although the exact pathway of the metastasis in our patient is not clear, absence of intra-abdominal, pelvic lymphadenopathy, and testicular cord thickening all favour embolism or transperitoneal seeding as the route.…”

Prostatic Cancer with Metastasis to the Testis

“…[2] reviewing 5,000 autopsies reported 1 case of metastasis to the testis, which implicates an inci dence of 0.02%, whereas Pienkos and Jablokow [3] found an incidence of 0.06% after reviewing 24,000 autopsies. The site of primary tumors according to Price and Mostofi [1] was in the lungs (14 cases), followed by the prostate (12 cases).…”

“…Metastasis to the testis is a rare condition [1], Most often the site of primary tumors is in the lung, the second most frequent site is controversial [1][2][3]. Usually cancer of the prostate spreads to the regional lymph nodes, the urinary bladder, the bone marrow and the lungs [4,5], The literature reveals only a few cases of prostatic cancer spreading to the testis, and therefore the aim of this paper is to report the clinical and pathological findings in an additional case.…”

The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to a Child Having Simultaneous Renal and Testicular Mass

“…In these case radical inguinal orchiectomy (removal of tumor-bearing testis and spermatic cord to the level of internal inguinal ring) should be done with the primary management of WT. There is no role of fine needle aspiration cytology of testicular mass [23,24]. During radical orchiectomy through high inguinal approach, early clamping of cord should be done before handling the testicular mass to decrease the chance of tumor embolization [8,10].…”

“…The literature analysis suggested retrograde venous or retrograde lymphatic extension as the most common mode of testicular metastasis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]24]. Other suggested mode of testicular metastasis are hematogenous and transcoelomic (associated patent processus vaginalis).…”