Meteorological Aspects of the Transport of Pollution Over Long Distances

SMITH, FB; Hunt, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-022932-4.50051-3

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…a small proportion of events contribute a large portion of the annual deposition (Smith and Hunt 1978). This episodic nature of wet deposition has been investigated over western Europe, Scandinavia, and eastern North America (Brook 1995;Smith and Hunt 1978), with highly episodic areas tending to be downwind of major emission regions. In the global emissions hotspot of East Asia, however, previous reports have tended to focus on the long-term (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet deposition and scavenging ratio of air pollutants during an extreme rainstorm in the North China Plain

Pan

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2017

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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Atmospheric wet deposition plays an important role in the supply of nutrients and toxic substances to terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although long-term (e.g. annual, multi-year) wet deposition is recorded well, pronounced and short-term changes in precipitation chemistry are less well investigated. In the present study, the precipitation chemistry and scavenging ratio of air pollutants were observed during an extreme torrential rain event (325.6 mm at the observation site) that occurred over 19-21 July 2016 in the North China Plain (NCP). The scavenging ratio of particles showed a similar spatial distribution to that of the precipitation amount in the NCP, indicating the efficient removal of particulate matter due to the large amount and precipitation intensity of the storm. In addition, the scavenging ratio of water soluble ions was larger than that of organics and gaseous pollutants such as SO 2 and NO 2 , likely due to their differences in water solubility. Consequently, raindrops incorporated more aerosol sulfate than gaseous compounds. Due to the heavy precipitation amount, almost all species in rainwater during this storm showed their lowest concentration but the highest flux compared with other rain events, indicating an important role played by this storm in terms of the substances received by the terrestrial and marine ecosystems of the region. However, the contribution of this storm to the annual chemical flux was lower than that of precipitation amount, indicating that the atmospheric compounds were scavenged below-cloud first and were then diluted by the cloud/rainwater. Future studies are needed in the context of the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in the NCP from the perspective of climate variability. 摘要大气湿沉降是陆地和水体环境中营养成分和有毒物质的重要来源。以往湿沉降研究较多关注年尺度或年际变化，极端降水事件鲜见报道。通过实验观测，发现2016年7月19-21日华北极端暴雨(北京观测站 325.6 mm)有效清除了区域大气颗粒物，但不同化学成分被湿清除的效率存在差异(无机离子比有机物和气态污染物更容易被湿清除)。此次极端降水铵盐和硝酸盐的湿沉降通量占北京全年的22%和4%，相当于青藏高原一年的氮沉降。考虑到气候背景下极端暴雨出现的频次，极端降水的生态环境影响需要更精细化的评估。

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet deposition and scavenging ratio of air pollutants during an extreme rainstorm in the North China Plain

Pan

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2017

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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“…A deeper boundary layer provides a greater opportunity for dispersion and dilution of pesticide droplets (Hu 2015). In the daytime and over land, the boundary layer can reach several kilometers above the earth’s surface (Wyngaard 1990), whereas the same layer may reach only tens of meters above the earth’s surface during evenings (Smith and Hunt 1978). Changes in depth of the boundary layer are largely impacted by radiative heating and the resulting turbulence or wind.…”

Section: The Role Of the Atmosphere In Pesticide Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-target pesticide movement: a review of our current understanding of drift due to inversions and secondary movement

2020

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Pesticide drift has been a concern since the introduction of pesticides. Historical incidences with off-target movement of 2,4-D and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) increased our understanding of pesticide fate in the atmosphere related to aerial pesticide applications. More recent incidences with dicamba have brought to light gaps in our current understanding of aerial pesticide movement following ground pesticide applications. In this paper, we review current understanding of inversions and other weather and environmental factors that contribute to secondary pesticide movement and highlight questions that need to be addressed. Factors that influence volatility and terminology associated with the atmosphere, such as cool air drainage, temperature inversions, and radiation cooling will be discussed. We also present literature that highlights the need to consider the role(s) of wind in secondary drift in addition to the role in physical drift. With increased awareness of pesticide movement and more herbicide-resistant traits available than ever before, it has become even more essential that we understand secondary movement of pesticides, recognize our gaps in understanding, and advance from what is currently unknown.

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“…The vertical dimension extends from the ground to the mean inversion height. Data from the Balthum ascents at Cardington, Bedfordshire, give a mean inversion height during the summer months at midday of 1300 m (14). This value was taken as the mixing height, H, in the present study.…”

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer modeling studies of the impact of vehicle exhaust emission controls on photochemical air pollution formation in the United Kingdom

Derwent¹,

Hov²

1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Meteorological Aspects of the Transport of Pollution Over Long Distances

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Wet deposition and scavenging ratio of air pollutants during an extreme rainstorm in the North China Plain

Wet deposition and scavenging ratio of air pollutants during an extreme rainstorm in the North China Plain

Off-target pesticide movement: a review of our current understanding of drift due to inversions and secondary movement

Computer modeling studies of the impact of vehicle exhaust emission controls on photochemical air pollution formation in the United Kingdom

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