Meteorological observations collected during the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE), April–June 2019

Thériault, Julie M.; Déry, Stephen J.; Pomeroy, John W.; Smith, Hilary M.; Almonte, Juris; Bertoncini, André; Crawford, Robert W.; Desroches-Lapointe, Aurélie; Lachapelle, Mathieu; Mariani, Zen; Mitchell, S. G.; Morris, Jeremy E.; Hébert-Pinard, Charlie; Rodriguez, Peter; Thompson, Hadleigh D.

doi:10.5194/essd-2020-160

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While they can scan in all directions like a weather radar, their observations are limited to the PBL. Their ability to perform rapid scans enables them to observe fast-evolving meteorological features, such as lake breezes, stratified wind layers, low-level jets, and cloud microphysical properties (e.g., Mariani et al, 2018a, b;Thériault et al, 2021).…”

Section: Doppler Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced automated meteorological observations at the Canadian Arctic Weather Science (CAWS) supersites

Mariani

Huang²,

Crawford³

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The changing Arctic climate is creating increased economic, transportation, and recreational activities requiring reliable and relevant weather information. However, the Canadian Arctic is sparsely observed, and processes governing weather systems in the Arctic are not well understood. There is a recognized lack of meteorological data to characterize the Arctic atmosphere for operational forecasting and to support process studies, satellite calibration/validation, search and rescue operations (which are increasing in the region), high-impact weather (HIW) detection and prediction, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) model verification and evaluation. To address this need, Environment and Climate Change Canada commissioned two supersites, one in Iqaluit (63.74∘ N, 68.51∘ W) in September 2015 and the other in Whitehorse (60.71∘ N, 135.07∘ W) in November 2017 as part of the Canadian Arctic Weather Science (CAWS) project. The primary goals of CAWS are to provide enhanced meteorological observations in the Canadian Arctic for HIW nowcasting (short-range forecast) and NWP model verification, evaluation, and process studies and to provide recommendations on the optimal cost-effective observing system for the Canadian Arctic. Both sites are in provincial/territorial capitals and are economic hubs for the region; they also act as transportation gateways to the north and are in the path of several common Arctic storm tracks. The supersites are located at or next to major airports and existing Meteorological Service of Canada ground-based weather stations that provide standard meteorological surface observations and upper-air radiosonde observations; they are also uniquely situated in close proximity to frequent overpasses by polar-orbiting satellites. The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments at each site is completely automated (no on-site operator) and operates continuously in all weather conditions, providing near-real-time data to operational weather forecasters, the public, and researchers via obrs.ca. The two sites have similar instruments, including mobile Doppler weather radars, multiple vertically profiling and/or scanning lidars (Doppler, ceilometer, water vapour), optical disdrometers, precipitation gauges in different shielded configurations, present weather sensors, fog monitoring devices, radiation flux sensors, and other meteorological instruments. Details on the two supersites, the suites of instruments deployed, the data collection methods, and example case studies of HIW events are discussed. CAWS data are publicly accessible via the Canadian Government Open Data Portal (https://doi.org/10.18164/ff771396-b22c-4bc3-844d-38fc697049e9, Mariani et al., 2022a, and https://doi.org/10.18164/d92ed3cf-4ba0-4473-beec-357ec45b0e78, Mariani et al., 2022b); this dataset is being used to improve our understanding of synoptic and fine-scale meteorological processes in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, including HIW detection and prediction and NWP verification, assimilation, and processes.

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Section: Doppler Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced automated meteorological observations at the Canadian Arctic Weather Science (CAWS) supersites

Mariani

Huang²,

Crawford³

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The SPADE dataset is available from the Federated Research and Data Repository (FRDR) and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0221 (Thériault et al, 2020).…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all instruments except the lidar, only the variables found in the user's manual are listed. For the lidar the information is from the user's manual as well as from Mariani et al (2020).…”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details on field sites, instrumentation used, and collection methods are discussed. Data from the study are publicly accessible from the Federated Research Data Repository at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0221 (Thériault et al, 2020). This dataset will be used to study atmospheric conditions associated with precipitation events documented simultaneously on either side of a continental divide.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meteorological observations collected during the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE), April–June 2019

Thériault¹,

Déry

Pomeroy

et al. 2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The continental divide along the spine of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Canada is a critical headwater region for hydrological drainages to the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans. Major flooding events are typically attributed to heavy precipitation on its eastern side due to upslope (easterly) flows. Precipitation can also occur on the western side of the divide when moisture originating from the Pacific Ocean encounters the west-facing slopes of the Canadian Rockies. Often, storms propagating across the divide result in significant precipitation on both sides. Meteorological data over this critical region are sparse, with few stations located at high elevations. Given the importance of all these types of events, the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE) was initiated to enhance our knowledge of the atmospheric processes leading to storms and precipitation on either side of the continental divide. This was accomplished by installing specialized meteorological instrumentation on both sides of the continental divide and carrying out manual observations during an intensive field campaign from 24 April–26 June 2019. On the eastern side, there were two field sites: (i) at Fortress Mountain Powerline (2076 m a.s.l.) and (ii) at Fortress Junction Service, located in a high-elevation valley (1580 m a.s.l.). On the western side, Nipika Mountain Resort, also located in a valley (1087 m a.s.l.), was chosen as a field site. Various meteorological instruments were deployed including two Doppler light detection and ranging instruments (lidars), three vertically pointing micro rain radars, and three optical disdrometers. The three main sites were nearly identically instrumented, and observers were on site at Fortress Mountain Powerline and Nipika Mountain Resort during precipitation events to take manual observations of precipitation type and microphotographs of solid particles. The objective of the field campaign was to gather high-temporal-frequency meteorological data and to compare the different conditions on either side of the divide to study the precipitation processes that can lead to catastrophic flooding in the region. Details on field sites, instrumentation used, and collection methods are discussed. Data from the study are publicly accessible from the Federated Research Data Repository at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0221 (Thériault et al., 2020). This dataset will be used to study atmospheric conditions associated with precipitation events documented simultaneously on either side of a continental divide. This paper also provides a sample of the data gathered during a precipitation event.

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Meteorological observations collected during the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE), April–June 2019

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Enhanced automated meteorological observations at the Canadian Arctic Weather Science (CAWS) supersites

Enhanced automated meteorological observations at the Canadian Arctic Weather Science (CAWS) supersites

Meteorological observations collected during the Storms and Precipitation Across the continental Divide Experiment (SPADE), April–June 2019

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