Methamphetamine-induced apoptosis in glial cells examined under marker-free imaging modalities

Abstract

We used phase microscopy and Raman spectroscopic measurements to assess the response of in vitro rat C6 glial cells following methamphetamine treatment in real time. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and three-dimensional (3-D) tomographic nanoscopy allow measurements of live cell cultures, which yield information about cell volume changes. Tomographic phase imaging provides 3-D information about the refractive index distribution associated with the morphology of biological samples. DHM provides similar information, but for a larger population of cells. Morphological changes in cells are associated with alterations in cell cycle and initiation of cell death mechanisms. Raman spectroscopy measurements provide information about chemical changes within the cells. Our Raman data indicate that the chemical changes in proteins preceded morphological changes, which were seen with DHM. Our study also emphasizes that tomographic phase imaging, DHM, and Raman spectroscopy are imaging tools that can be utilized for noninvasive simultaneous monitoring of morphological and chemical changes in cells during apoptosis and can also be used to monitor other dynamic cell processes.

Telomere Length Shortening in Microglia: Implication for Accelerated Senescence and Neurocognitive Deficits in HIV

“…Raman spectroscopy is often used on complex biological samples to identify chemical signatures and changes produced by alterations in the environment, such as through cell treatment [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Inelastic Raman scattering, which occurs when there is an energy exchange between an incident photon and a molecule, results in scattered photons of different wavelengths than the original ones.…”

Sulforaphane alleviates methamphetamine-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis via the Nrf2-mediated pathwayin vitroandin vivo

“…METH exposure is demonstrated to induce neurotoxic responses that can lead to cellular apoptosis, as demonstrated by an increased apoptotic rate in SH-SY5Y cells and markedly elevated expressions of cleaved caspase 3 in the brains of C57BL/6J mice (Qiao et al, 2019;Wongprayoon & Govitrapong, 2017). In addition, Brant et al (2019) found that METH treatment caused mitochondrial dysfunction in C6 glial cells, which is also correlated with apoptosis (Thrash-Williams et al, 2013). In this research, the detailed mechanism of METH-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells will be elucidated.…”

Measuring methamphetamine induced morphology changes in apoptotic glial cells using the transport of intensity equation, digital holographic microscopy, and diffraction tomography

“…An apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) has been observed in cells undergoing apoptosis, or programmed cell death 1 . The AVD of an apoptotic cell can be estimated through topographic measurement techniques.…”