Methane Transformation using Light Gasoline as Co-Reactant over Zn/H-ZSM11

Abstract

The catalytic conversion of methane (C1) to aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) over a Zn/H-ZSM-11 catalyst using Light Gasoline (C5+C6) as co-reactant was studied. AH yields were as high as 30 %mol at 500°C, w/f = 40 g h mol )1 at C1 molar fraction = 0.20. The contact time and time-on-stream effects on the product distribution, were analyzed in detail in order to obtain information about the evolution of different species. The C1 conversion reached 36 mol% C using Zn/HZSM-11 with content of 2.13 mol of Zn 2+ per cell unit.

Factors affecting coke formation on H-ZSM-5 in naphtha cracking

“…There have been several reports on catalytic cracking using various reactant compounds mainly to clarify the applicability of their catalysts to the cracking of commercial naphtha containing various compounds [26,27]. In this study, to elucidate the effect of reactant compounds on coke formation, we carried out catalytic cracking of n-C6, MCP or MCH at 948 K on H-ZSM-5(107) for various time on stream and measured the amount of coke formed on zeolite.…”

Reactivity of C1 Surface Species Formed in Methane Activation on Zn‐Modified H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite

“…[4,6] Apart from approaches to the indirect conversion of methane via syngas, [7] numerous attempts have been devoted in the past decades to direct transformation of methane into more valuable products. [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recent investigations have implied that co-conversion [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] of methane and hydrocarbons/ oxygenates on metal-containing (e.g., Ga, Zn, Mo, In, Ag, and Pt) zeolite catalysts could be promising processes performed at much lower temperatures under non-oxidative conditions. Rational development of these co-conversion processes will certainly benefit from the understanding of mechanisms involved in both methane activation and further transformation on the working catalysts.…”

Recent development in in situ NMR study on heterogeneous catalysis: mechanisms of light alkane functionalisation

“…Co-aromatisation of methane with higher alkanes or alkenes (C2-C6) at 670-870 K in the presence of bifunctional catalysts (mainly highly siliceous MFI or MEL zeolites modified with gallium or zinc) is one of the alternative methods for the direct conversion of methane. [61][62][63][64][65][66][67] The transfer of isotopically 13 C-labeled atoms from methane into the aromatic products may provide the direct evidence of methane involved in its aromatisation. 68 When methane and propane are treated at 823-873 K over Zn/H-BEA, the 1 H- 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra show two signals at 20 and 130 ppm belonging to methyl groups and aromatic rings of the methyl-substituted aromatic compounds, which prove incorporation of the carbon atoms of 13 C-labeled methane molecules.…”