Methanol assisted selective formation of 1,2-glycerol carbonate from glycerol and carbon dioxide using nBu2SnO as a catalyst

Phenomenological kinetic model of the synthesis of glycerol carbonate assisted by focused beam reflectance measurements

“…Carboxylation with CO 2 under high demanding energy conditions has been achieved, with applied pressures ranging from 3.5 to 10 MPa and temperatures between 80 and 180°C using zeolites and different metalbased catalysts [5][6][7][8]. Vacuum conditions and temperatures around 150°C with metallic oxides and sulphates have been reported for the glycerolysis of urea as an alternative pathway for the production of GC [9][10][11][12].…”

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

“…Several methods have been studied to obtain this product, including: direct addition of CO [17] and CO 2 to glycerol [18,19], addition of CO 2 to glycidol [20] or glycerolysis of urea [21,22]. Very recently, simultaneous production of GC and biodiesel has been attained by means of the transesterification of triglycerides present in oils of different origin with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) [23][24][25].…”

Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO

“…Several methods have been described for synthesis of GC, including reaction of glycerol with carbon dioxide using an Sn catalyst, which was found to be both directly and environmentally friendly but of high cost, and the catalyst is of low activity [9,10]. Carbonylation of glycerol with carbon monoxide and oxygen or hazardous phosgene has also been reported, but these methods have the drawbacks of rigorous reaction conditions and the toxicity of the starting materials [11,12].…”