Methemoglobinemia

Rahilly, Louisa J.; Mandell, Deborah C.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0306-7.00109-4

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…5,10 Oxidative damage could arise from exposure to toxins, such as propylene glycol, 7,27 onion-containing diets, 21 drugs (such as acetaminophen, methylene blue, and propofol), and other causes of methemoglobinemia. 2,16,19 Increased formation of HBs may also occur in cats with spontaneous diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, 6 hyperthyroidism, and lymphoma. 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heinz body–related interference with leukocyte and erythrocyte variables obtained by an automated hematology analyzer in cats

et al. 2019

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Heinz bodies (HBs) are known to interfere with automated hematology in cats, particularly with the white blood cell (WBC) count. We evaluated the influence of feline HBs on the complete blood count (CBC) results obtained using a flow cytometry–based analyzer. We retrospectively selected cats with circulating HBs and reviewed the results of their CBCs, including red blood cell (RBC) indices, basophil/lobularity (Baso) WBC count (WBCB), peroxidase (Perox) WBC count (WBCP), and cytograms. Based on the presence or absence of HB-related artifacts in their Baso cytogram, cats were grouped into Baso-HBs and HBs groups, respectively, for comparison. The WBCB and WBCP were compared to manual counts of WBCs carried out on blood smears at 400× (MC-WBC). We included 32 cats in our study: 9 of 32 were in the Baso-HBs group, and 23 of 32 were in the HBs group. Baso-HBs cats had a significantly increased HB percentage ( p < 0.001), WBCB ( p < 0.001), difference between WBCB and WBCP ( p < 0.001), lymphocyte count ( p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration ( p < 0.001), and difference between calculated and measured erythrocyte hemoglobin concentrations ( p < 0.001) compared to HBs cats. In Baso-HBs cats, the WBCB was significantly higher than the WBCP ( p = 0.02); no significant difference was detected between the WBCP and the MC-WBC ( p = 0.88). Evaluation of automated CBC results raised the suspicion of HB-related interference when using a hematology analyzer in cats; hence, blood smear examination remains essential in routine practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heinz body–related interference with leukocyte and erythrocyte variables obtained by an automated hematology analyzer in cats

et al. 2019

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“…The heme group is composed of a porphyrin ring with iron in its ferrous (Fe 2+ ) form at its center. Due to the poor solubility of oxygen in the blood, Hb represents the essential transport vehicle to ensure appropriate oxygen delivery to tissues 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the poor solubility of oxygen in the blood, Hb represents the essential transport vehicle to ensure appropriate oxygen delivery to tissues. 10 MHb is formed when the heme iron is oxidized from the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) to the ferric (Fe 3+ ) form. In this configuration, the heme group not only becomes unable to carry oxygen, but it also increases the affinity of the remaining moieties for oxygen, shifting the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left and decreasing the off-loading of oxygen to tissues that require it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency treatment with intravenous infusion of methylene blue followed by oral administration in a cat presented with severe recurrent methemoglobinemia

Brunori¹,

Santo-Domingo²,

Donnelly³

et al. 2023

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To describe the use of IV infusion followed by oral administration of methylene blue (MB) to successfully treat recurrent methemoglobinemia (MetHb) in a young cat.Case Summary: A 6-month-old male Ragdoll cat presented with recurrent episodes of severe MetHb and was successfully managed with IV infusion of MB followed by a course of oral MB. Although the definitive cause of the patient's MetHb remains unknown, the cat made a full recovery following treatment without developing any significant side effects secondary to therapy and at the time of writing not had any further recurrences. Follow-up at 6 months found the patient in good health and without any long-term consequences.New Information Provided: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a cat presented with severe MetHb quantitatively assessed via co-oximetry and successfully treated with both IV and oral administration of MB.

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“…17 Dogs and cats have lower levels of MetHb reductase than people, making their erythrocytes more prone to oxidative injury. 18 Any disease state resulting in increased NO production, such as sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), may cause increased MetHb. 16 Many medications and toxins may lead to an increased MetHb concentration in people, including nitrates, acetaminophen, lidocaine, and metoclopramide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common reducing agents that convert MetHb back to hemoglobin include MetHb reductase, ascorbic acid, and glutathione 17 . Dogs and cats have lower levels of MetHb reductase than people, making their erythrocytes more prone to oxidative injury 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels in dogs and cats with respiratory disease

Wolf

Hess

Hering

et al. 2022

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To evaluate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) levels in dogs and cats with respiratory disease in the ICU. Design Retrospective study. Setting University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals The ICU census was searched for dogs (n = 466) and cats (n = 97) hospitalized within the ICU between January 2016 and January 2019 in whom blood gas with co‐oximetry was performed. Dogs and cats were stratified into those with primary respiratory and nonrespiratory categories; the underlying cause of the disease was also noted. Venous blood gas, co‐oximeter, PaO2/FiO2 (PF ratio), physical examination findings, and outcome were recorded. Measurements and main results The median COHb and MetHb in dogs hospitalized in the ICU were 2.6% (0.1%–5.6%) and 1.1% (0.1%–2.9%), respectively. The median COHb and MetHb in cats hospitalized in the ICU were 2.2% (0.1%–5.4%) and 1.0% (0%–2.1%), respectively. Dogs with respiratory disease had a higher COHb than dogs without respiratory disease (median, 2.7% [range, 0.3%–5.0%] vs. 2.5% [0.1%–5.6%]; P = 0.0148). COHb was positively associated with survival in cats (median, 2.2% [range, 0.1%–5.4%] vs. 1.9% [0.1%–3.9%]; P = 0.0433). Both COHb and MetHb were higher in septic dogs than in nonseptic dogs (median COHb, 2.8% [range 0.3%–4.5%] vs. 2.6% [0.1%–5.6%]; P = 0.02 and median MetHb, 1.1% [0.1%–2.9%] vs. 1.1% [0.1%–2.4%]; P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions There may be a positive association between COHb and respiratory disease in dogs; prospective studies are needed to evaluate this further. No association between COHb and respiratory disease in cats or MetHb and respiratory disease in either species was detected. Additional prospective studies are needed to determine whether COHb and MetHb are biomarkers for sepsis in dogs and whether COHb is an indicator of mortality in cats.

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Methemoglobinemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Heinz body–related interference with leukocyte and erythrocyte variables obtained by an automated hematology analyzer in cats

Heinz body–related interference with leukocyte and erythrocyte variables obtained by an automated hematology analyzer in cats

Emergency treatment with intravenous infusion of methylene blue followed by oral administration in a cat presented with severe recurrent methemoglobinemia

Retrospective evaluation of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels in dogs and cats with respiratory disease

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