Methicillin-Resistant Stahylococcus aureus in Tertiary Care Institutions on the Canadian Prairies 1990-1992

Embil, John M.; Ramotar, Karam; Romance, L.; Alfa, Michelle J.; Conly, John; Cronk, Stephen M.; Taylor, Geoffrey; Sutherland, Barbara; Louie, Thomas; Henderson, Elizabeth; Nicolle, Lindsay E.

doi:10.2307/30145275

Cited by 49 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies have revealed that the main reservoir of MRSA is the patient, including previously colonised or infected patients who are readmitted to the hospital [34]. The main transmission route of MRSA is from person to person [41]. Although most MRSA isolates belonged to clone A, the other nine clones identified might eventually spread if infection control procedures are not enforced properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital in Turkey: clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Aygen

Yörük

Yýldýz

et al. 2004

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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In total, 177 patients with bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (BSISA) were investigated prospectively between June 1999 and June 2001. Of these, 19.8% had community-acquired BSISA, while 80.2% had nosocomial BSISA. Surgical intervention, foreign body, mechanical ventilation, total parenteral nutrition, and previous antibiotic treatment were found to be important risk factors for the nosocomial BSISA group. Secondary BSISA formed a greater proportion (62.9%) of community-acquired infections than of nosocomial infections (26.8%; p 0.0001). Catheter-related nosocomial BSISA was observed in 72.1% of patients. The suppurative complication rate was significantly higher among community-acquired infections (22.9%) than among nosocomial infections (6.3%; p 0.008). Of the nosocomial BSISA, 65.5% were methicillin-resistant. Analysis of 80 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified ten main clones (A-J), but 61 (76.3%) of the 80 isolates belonged to clone A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital in Turkey: clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Aygen

Yörük

Yýldýz

et al. 2004

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Recent data from the USA [18,19] and from Canada [20] suggest that circulation of MRSA in the community could be another source of interregional spread. As is evident from data on the origin of MRSA strains sent for typing to the authors’ laboratory in 1995 (in which only three among 2500 isolates came from patients who had not been admitted to a hospital or nursing facility) and from a study in the Saarland federal county with the demonstration of five MRSA in nasal swabs from 1000 non‐hospitalized patients (P. Rohr and W. Witte, unpublished), MRSA strains are obviously still rare among staphylococcal carriers outside hospitals in Germany.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing incidence and widespread dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in central Europe, with special reference to German hospitals

Witte

Kresken²,

Braulke

et al. 1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

116

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OBJECTIVE: to present data on prevalence and interregional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Germany. METHODS: A nationwide collection of MRSA isolates from nosocomial infections in 143 hospitals was established from isolates (n=4368) sent to a microbiological reference center during 1993--95. As chosen by distinguishable resistance phenotypes at each time of occurrence during the study period, 1830 isolates were subjected to molecular typing by means of Smal macrorestriction patterns, PCR for RNA gene spacer patterns, and PCR for patterns of DNA stretches flanked by the ERIC-2 sequence and flanked by Tn916 and ribosomal binding site. In addition, data from a multicenter study on the incidence of antibiotic resistance have been analyzed (32 centers, 637 S. aureus isolates). RESULTS: In 1995 the prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 8.7% overall in central Europe (including Germany), in comparison to 1.7% in 1990. From 1993 until now, a continuous interregional dissemination of six epidemic strains, which were identified by molecular typing, was recorded. Besides these epidemic strains, 15 MRSA strains were identified which could not be allocated to the epidemic MRSA or to the known clonal groups of the species S. aureus. MRSA from three cases of sporadic nosocomial infections exhibited characteristics of the clonal group of S. aureus with the capacity for toxic shock syndrome formation. The pattern of one MRSA corresponded to those of the S. aureus group exhibiting phage pattern 94,96. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA has increased in central Europe (and Germany) during the last 5 years, to 8.7%. The main source of infection with MRSA is obviously interregional dissemination of epidemic strains. At the same time, the mecA gene has been acquired by strains previously sensitive to methicillin.

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“…Evidence that human genetic characteristics influence susceptibility to S. aureus infection include: 1) higher rates of S. aureus infections in distinct ethnic populations, including African Americans [3,7], New Zealand Maori [8], Pacific Islanders [8], Australian Aboriginals [9], and Canadian Aboriginal peoples [10]; 2) familial clusters of S. aureus infection [11]; 3) rare genetic conditions associated with susceptibility to S. aureus [12-14]; 4) the impact of host genetic variation on persistent S. aureus carriage [15]; and 5) variable susceptibility to S. aureus infections among inbred mice [16] and cattle [17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genome-wide association study of variants associated with acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a healthcare setting

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHumans vary in their susceptibility to acquiring Staphylococcus aureus infection, and research suggests that there is a genetic basis for this variability. Several recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants that may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases, demonstrating the potential value of GWAS in this arena.MethodsWe conducted a GWAS to identify common variants associated with acquisition of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) resulting from healthcare contact. We performed a logistic regression analysis to compare patients with healthcare contact who developed SAB (361 cases) to patients with healthcare contact in the same hospital who did not develop SAB (699 controls), testing 542,410 SNPs and adjusting for age (by decade), sex, and 6 significant principal components from our EIGENSTRAT analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the joint effect of the host and pathogen genomes in association with severity of SAB infection via logistic regression, including an interaction of host SNP with bacterial genotype, and adjusting for age (by decade), sex, the 6 significant principal components, and dialysis status. Bonferroni corrections were applied in both analyses to control for multiple comparisons.ResultsOurs is the first study that has attempted to evaluate the entire human genome for variants potentially involved in the acquisition or severity of SAB. Although this study identified no common variant of large effect size to have genome-wide significance for association with either the risk of acquiring SAB or severity of SAB, the variant (rs2043436) most significantly associated with severity of infection is located in a biologically plausible candidate gene (CDON, a member of the immunoglobulin family) and may warrant further study.ConclusionsThe genetic architecture underlying SAB is likely to be complex. Future investigations using larger samples, narrowed phenotypes, and advances in both genotyping and analytical methodologies will be important tools for identifying causative variants for this common and serious cause of healthcare-associated infection.

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Methicillin-Resistant Stahylococcus aureus in Tertiary Care Institutions on the Canadian Prairies 1990-1992

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital in Turkey: clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital in Turkey: clinical and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Increasing incidence and widespread dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in central Europe, with special reference to German hospitals

A genome-wide association study of variants associated with acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a healthcare setting

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