Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS): Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in College Students

Abdelmalek, Suzanne; Qinna, Mohammad W.; AlEjielat, Rowan; Collier, Phillip J.

doi:10.1007/s10900-022-01065-9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The study showed, among several contributing factors only nose picking habit (P = 0.001) and number of students in the dormitory (P = 0.05) showed a statistically signi cant association with nasal carriage rate of MRSA (Table 3). In current study, the habit of nose picking and living in a dormitory environment with more than four students, Like (Mekuriya et al, 2022b) but Unlike (Abdelmalek et al, 2022), were found to be potential contributing factors to MRSA nasal carriage. This is due to the fact that nose picking can introduce bacteria from the nasal mucosa into the hands, which may subsequently contaminate surfaces and contribute to the spread of MRSA.…”

Section: Associated Factorsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nasal Carriage Rate Of Staphylococcus aureus, Associated Factor And Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Students Of Collage Of Health And Medical Science WITH Clinical Attachment

Shume,

Wolde,

Woldegebreal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including methicillin-resistant strains, are increasing globally. Medical students are at a higher risk of contracting this pathogen due to their close contact with health facilities during their clinical attachments. Limited studies exist in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Objective: to assess the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus, associated factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among students of Haramaya University, College of Health and Medicine Sciences students with clinical attachment, Harar Eastern Ethiopia from July 01 to August 30, 2022. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 study participants using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected via structured questionnaires. Nasal swabs were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar at 37°C for 24 hours. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using catalase and coagulase tests. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was screened using the Cefoxitin disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Chi-square test was used to determine factors associated with the nasal carriage of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8% (95% CI: 4.6%-11.3%) and Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus prevalence was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.1%-7.4%) among 250 participants. Significant factors for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage included nose-picking habit (P=0.001) and dormitory student count (P=0.05). MRSA strains displayed high resistance, with 100% resistance to Ampicillin and Penicillin, 66.7% to Tetracycline, 25% to Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin, 16% to Co-trimoxazole and Gentamicin. Chloramphenicol and Clyndamycin showed complete susceptibility. Conclusion: The study reveals significant MRSA prevalence with resistance to common antibiotics. Nasal carriage associates with nose-picking and dormitory size. Enhanced hygiene education and stringent antibiotic stewardship are recommended to mitigate MRSA spread, particularly in communal living environments.

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Section: Associated Factorsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nasal Carriage Rate Of Staphylococcus aureus, Associated Factor And Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Students Of Collage Of Health And Medical Science WITH Clinical Attachment

Shume,

Wolde,

Woldegebreal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…In this study, MR was frequently associated with other types of resistance: 75.6% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, of which 33.3% and 23%, respectively, had the resistance associations P/FOX/OX, E, CN, and P/FOX/OX, E, CN, TE. The presence of multi-resistance is more common among clinical isolates than in community isolates [ 19 , 20 ], so the high levels detected in our study may indicate some kind of horizontal transfer from clinical animal strains. The type of resistance developed is conditioned by the frequency of use of each specific antibiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clonality and Persistence of Multiresistant Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from the Staff of a University Veterinary Hospital

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to characterize methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolates from the healthy staff of a university veterinary hospital in order to assess their importance as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and to determine their population structure and evolution. The study duration was over two years (2020–2021), 94 individuals were analyzed in duplicate, and 78 strains were obtained. The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains detected throughout the study was 61.7%, with point prevalence values of 53.2% in 2020 and 31.5% in 2021. A total of 19.1% of the individuals analyzed were carriers throughout the study. The most frequently identified MRCoNs were Staphylococcus epidermidis (92.3%) and S. warneri (3.8%). A total of 75.6% of the isolates obtained showed the development of multi-resistance, preferentially against erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, and to a lesser extent against fusidic acid, norfloxacin, and clindamycin; these antimicrobials are frequently used in the veterinary field. Although most of the S. epidermidis isolates obtained showed wide genetic variability and low dispersion, which are characteristic of community-associated isolates, a small number of strains spread between individuals in close physical proximity and were maintained over time, forming stable clones. These clones generally maintained the same type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and had a similar antimicrobial resistance pattern.

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“…The high resistant pattern of oxacillin (97.15%) can be compared to Khadri et al, Suzanne et al, and Bala et al, (100%). [22][23][24] In contrast, resistant pattern of ciprofloxacin (92.68%), clindamycin (87.80%), erythromycin (63.41%) can be comparable to the studies of Anupurba et [23,25-32,] In the present study gentamicin resistant rate is 21.54%, similar pattern also found in the study of Suzanne et al, (10.2%), and Eyob Yohanesset al, (1.2%). [29,33]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, India

Eeshita Dhar,

Tejashree Anantharaj Urs,

Krishna Karthik Manthravadi

2023

IJPHRD

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Background: MRSA strains are the most common causes of community and hospital acquired infections. Antimicrobial medications have become a significant issue in the healthcare sector as a result of the increased death rate from Staphylococcus aureus infections, the appearance of methicillin-resistant and other multi-drug resistant strains. The study's goals and objectives were determining the prevalence of MRSA and assessing the antibiotic efficacy of MRSA isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods:A total of 395 MRSA were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified by using standard microbiological techniques at tertiary care hospital of Mysore, South India. Methicillin resistance was determined by standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test using cefoxitin 30μg disk.Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined by automated Vitek2 system.Results: A total of 246 (62.27%) isolates were identified as MRSA out of 395 S. aureus isolates collected from various clinical samples such as pus samples (86.17%), blood (3.65%), Et swabs (3.65%), ear swabs (2.84%), sputum (1.6%), urine (0.81%), and other sterile body fluids (1.21%). All MRSA isolates were susceptible (100%) to vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin followed by other antibiotics like rifampicin (99%), tigecycline (96.74%), tetracycline (95.93%), teicoplanin (95.5%), gentamicin (73.17%). Most of the MRSA isolates were resistant to oxacillin (97.15%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (95.12%), Levofloxacin (93.49%), ciprofloxacin (92.68%), clindamycin (87.80%), erythromycin (63.41%). Conclusion:In our study, we found MRSA isolates were susceptible to most active and reliable routinely used antibiotics. Good infection control procedures like thorough hand washing, identifying and treating MRSA carriers, and prudent use of antimicrobial medicines are advised to prevent the formation of drug-resistant isolates. In addition to the Vitek 2 approach, we may conclude that cefoxitin disc diffusion is an essential test to diagnose MRSA.

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS): Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in College Students

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Nasal Carriage Rate Of Staphylococcus aureus, Associated Factor And Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Students Of Collage Of Health And Medical Science WITH Clinical Attachment

Nasal Carriage Rate Of Staphylococcus aureus, Associated Factor And Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Students Of Collage Of Health And Medical Science WITH Clinical Attachment

Clonality and Persistence of Multiresistant Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from the Staff of a University Veterinary Hospital

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, India

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