Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination and distribution in patient’s care environment at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania

Nkuwi, Emmanuel James; Kabanangi, Fatima; Joachim, Agricola; Rugarabamu, Sima; Majigo, Mtebe

doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3602-4

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Hospital B, S. aureus was the main pathogen recovered from door knobs and bed headboards (66.7%), saline stands (100.0%) and mattresses (66.7%). These percentages are similar to those reported in the national literature [4] for mattresses (72.0%) and higher than international percentages [34] for beds (34%) and door knobs (26.0%). Our data show that highly touched surfaces are prone to be contaminated with S. aureus , a microorganism commonly found in the humans’ hand microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The frequency of MRSA recovered from the ER (28.3%) was similar to that reported in the literature [12] (20.0%), while the frequency of MRSA recovered from the AICU (52.7%) was higher than that found in Brazil [39] (41.8%) and lower than international rates [40] (67.3%). The presence of MRSA in both hospitals analyzed reflects the persistence of this pathogen in the environment [34], as observed in another tertiary hospital in the Middle East in five rooms and two nursing stations in the AICU and PICU. MRSA strains often exhibit multidrug resistance, including resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and exhibit strong virulence as a result of a multiplicity of factors acting simultaneously to evade the host’s defenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Rodrigues

Peixoto²,

Barros³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27The hospital environment is an important reservoir of microorganisms, including 28 multidrug-resistant pathogens, which can cause in-patient contamination and healthcare-29 related infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of bacterial 30 contamination (contaminated sites, pathogen species and their antimicrobial 31 susceptibility, and tracking of multidrug-resistant microorganisms -MDR) of inert 32 hospital surfaces and medical equipment in two public hospitals in Northern Brazil. 33 This was a cross-sectional study with 243 samples (n = 208, from Hospital A; and n = 35, 34 from Hospital B) collected by friction with swabs moistened in Brain Heart Infusion from 35 inert surfaces and equipment. The samples were cultivated and bacterial species were 36identified by the classical approach and tested for their susceptibility through agar 37 diffusion assay according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 38Most inert surfaces and equipment analyzed presented bacterial contamination (95.5%). 39Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogen of clinical significance detected both in 40 Hospital A (61.8%) and B (68.6%). Hospital A showed higher rates of isolated MDR 41 bacteria than Hospital B, especially in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, which included 42 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (52.7%), Enterobacteria resistant to 43 4 th generation cephalosporins (19.4%), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 (2.78%). The failures in the prevention and control of infections in the two hospitals 45 analyzed reinforce the need for a revised protocol for cleaning and disinfection of inert 46 surfaces and medical equipment, and for regulation of antibiotic dispensing, mainly in the 47 AICU of Hospital A, which was found to be a reservoir of MDR pathogens. This study is 48 innovative because it is the pioneer in Western Bahia that describes the epidemiology of 49 contamination of hospital surfaces, opportuning futures studies in this field. 50 Introduction 51Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a major public health concern 52 commonly associated with extended length of hospital stay. HAI account for high hospital 53 costs and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of infected patients [1]. 54HAI are usually caused by pathogenic bacteria that may emerge from the patient's 55 endogenous microflora during antibiotic therapy in approximately 70% of the cases [2,3]. 56HAI may also be acquired from the exogenous environment (30% of the cases) in that the 57 hospital setting plays a significant role in contagion and transmission outbreaks [3,4]. 58In the hospital setting, patients, staff and visitors represent the main reservoir of 59 microorganisms, whereas secondary reservoirs include all environments where nutrients, 60 moisture, and temperature are suitable for microbial survival, such as air humidifiers and 61 nebulizers [5,6]. In addition, dry and inanimate surfaces can also serve as a reservoir of 62 pathogens [3,5,7-9], as in mattre...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Rodrigues

Peixoto²,

Barros³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…However, given the pathogenic potential of these microorganisms, their detection in the ICU department is of particular concern. The results of our study on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus spread are consistent with previously published data, despite the peculiarities of health systems in different countries [52][53][54][55]. These microorganisms are inclined toward biofilm formation and possess other pathogenicity factors [29], which increase the risk of infection in patients with coronavirus infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Contamination of Hospital Surfaces with Bacterial Pathogens under the Current COVID-19 Outbreak

Pochtovyi

Vasina

Kustova

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains a global health issue for several reasons, such as the low vaccination rates and a lack of developed herd immunity to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, as well as its potential inclination to elude neutralizing antibodies. It should be noted that the severity of the COVID-19 disease is significantly affected by the presence of co-infections. Comorbid conditions are caused not only by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms but also by some representatives of the environmental microbiome. The presence of patients with moderate and severe forms of the disease in hospitals indicates the need for epidemiological monitoring of (1) bacterial pathogens circulating in hospitals, especially the ESKAPE group pathogens, and (2) the microbiome of various surfaces in hospitals. In our study, we used combined methods based on PCR and NGS sequencing, which are widely used for epidemiological monitoring. Through this approach, we identified the DNA of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, CoNS, and Achromobacter spp.) on various surfaces. We also estimated the microbiome diversity of surfaces and identified the potential reservoirs of infections using 16S rRNA profiling. Although we did not assess the viability of identified microorganisms, our results indicate the possible risks of insufficient regular disinfection of surfaces, regardless of department, at the Infectious Diseases Hospital. Controlling the transmission of nosocomial diseases is critical to the successful treatment of COVID-19 patients, the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, and timely decontamination measures.

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“…O p e n H U B f o r S c i e n t i f i c R e s e a r c h Citation: Hokororo [27]. HAIs have bad consequences not only to the hospitals but also to the patients, health care workers, owners of the facilities (private and public) as well as resulting to an increase in antimicrobial resistance [28].…”

Section: Sci Forschenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Pregnant Mothers to Bypass Primary Health Facilities and Directly Seek Health Care in Hospitals in Dar es Salaam Region-A Cross Sectional Study

Jc¹,

Es²,

Ngowi³

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Public Health Rev

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Introduction: Dar es Salaam is the region with a large number of healthcare facilities than any other region in Tanzania. Primary health care facilities (dispensaries and health centers) outnumber the available hospitals. However, hospitals are overwhelmed with patients as compared to primary health care facilities (PHCF) because people tend to skip the primary health care facilities, leading to poor quality of the health care services in secondary facilities due to congestion. Objective:The aim was to identify determinants that influence mothers to bypass primary health care facilities. Setting:The study was conducted in healthcare facilities in Dar es Salaam region. It targeted all postnatal women who attended hospitals during data collection. Methodology:A cross-sectional study carried out in December 2018 to assess the determinants associated with pregnant mothers to bypass primary healthcare facilities in their healthcare needs. The sample included all women who attended public hospitals for delivery and consented to the study. A consecutive sampling procedure was used and a total of 544 of respondents were involved. A structured questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed in levels of univariate, bivariate and multivariate using SPSS statistical package number 20.Results: A total of 544 respondents were interviewed. Out of those respondents, 536(99%) were above the age of 18. The majority, were married (398, 73%), and had daily incomes of more than one USD (298, 92.5%). The bypass by the respondents of the PHCFs was higher 402(74%) and only 27(26%) had referral to the higher facilities hospitals at Council [Level one Hospital] and Regional Level [Level 2 Hospital] than primary facilities. Conclusion:This study has found that seven of every ten pregnant women surveyed had bypassed the primary health care facilities. Findings from this study reveal a strong and urgent need to 1. Strengthen primary healthcare facilities to make them more attractive to people and 2. To better implement the referral guidelines to reduce this bypass.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination and distribution in patient’s care environment at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Contamination of Hospital Surfaces with Bacterial Pathogens under the Current COVID-19 Outbreak

Determinants of Pregnant Mothers to Bypass Primary Health Facilities and Directly Seek Health Care in Hospitals in Dar es Salaam Region-A Cross Sectional Study

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