Method for Bioassaying Chlorsulfuron in Soil and Water

Abstract

Bioassay techniques were evaluated for the determination of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} residues in soil and water. A linear response of corn (Zea maysL.) primary root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations (InX+1) of 0.0 to 16.0 μg/L was observed in the water bioassay. Several soil extraction bioassay methods were attempted and found to be highly variable. A Ca(OH)2soil extraction bioassay technique produced a linear response of primary corn root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 64.0 μg/kg. The efficiency of the Ca(OH)2extraction bioassay was determined by the use of14C-chlorsulfuron. Recovery efficiency at 1.0 μg/kg was 74% and averaged 62% at all higher chlorsulfuron concentrations.

Use of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Seedlings to Detect Bensulfuron and Quinclorac Residues in Water

“…Hsiao and Smith (6), Groves and Foster (5), Mersie and Foy (10), and Morishita et al (11) reported that it is possible to use root bioassays for the detection of chlorsulfuron.…”

Trace residue analysis of the herbicide chlorsulfuron in soil by gas chromatography-electron capture detection

“…Bioassay procedures for determining chlorsulfuron in water and soil at 0.1 ppb level have been reported by Morishita et al (1985), Hsiao and Smith (1983), and Du Pont (1980). Kelley et al (1985) have presented an enzyme immunoassay procedure for determining chlorsulfuron in soil extracts at 0.4-1.2 ppb levels.…”

Herbicides and the Environment

“…Various plant species have been used in bioassays for the determination of ALS-herbicides in soil, primarily using root measurements because of the inhibiting effect of ALS-herbicides on cell division at the root tips of susceptible plants. Some of the crops that have been used are corn for chlorsulfuron (Anderson & Humburg, 1987;Groves & Foster, 1985;Hsiao & Smith, 1983;Morishita et al, 1985), sunflower for MON-37500 and triasulfuron (Hernández-Sevillano et al, 2001), lentil for metsulfuron (Szmigielska et. al., 1998), and canola for imazethapyr (Szmigielska & Schoenau, 1999).…”