Method To Characterize Acid–Base Behavior of Biochar: Site Modeling and Theoretical Simulation

Li, Mi; Liu, Qiang; Lou, Zhenjun; Zhang, Yaping; Qian, Guangren

doi:10.1021/sc500432d

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This result is in accordance with the results reported by Woldetsadik et al [23], Singh et al [33] and Uras et al [34]. Li et al [35] attributed the low basicity of biochars to pyrolysis temperatures lower than 600 • C.…”

Section: Biochar Propertiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil

Campos

Rosa

2020

Sustainability

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Soil contamination with trace elements is an important and global environmental concern. This study examined the potential of biochars derived from rice husk (RHB), olive pit (OPB), and a certified biochar produced from wood chips (CWB) to immobilize copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) in aqueous solution to avoid its leaching and in a pot experiment with acidic Xerofluvent soils multicontaminated with trace elements. After assessing the adsorption potential of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution of the three studied biochars, the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants was monitored on polluted soils amended with the same biochars, to determine their capability to boost plant growth in a soil contaminated with several trace elements. RHB and CWB removed the maximum amounts of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution in the adsorption experiment. The adsorption capacity increased with initial metal concentrations for all biochars. The efficiency in the adsorption of cationic metals by biochars was clearly affected by biochar chemical properties, whereas total specific surface area seemed to not correlate with the adsorption capacity. Among the isotherm models, the Langmuir model was in the best agreement with the experimental data for both cations for CWB and RHB. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ was 30.77 and 58.82 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively, and of Pb2+ was 19.34 and 77.52 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively. The application of 5% of RHB and CWB to the acidic polluted soils improved soil physico-chemical properties, which permitted the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants. RHB and CWB have been shown to be effective for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+, and the results obtained regarding plant development in the soils contaminated with trace elements indicated that the soil amendments have promising potential for the recovery of land polluted with heavy metals.

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Section: Biochar Propertiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil

Campos

Rosa

2020

Sustainability

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“…From a surface chemistry perspective, the 2-site protonation model provides the best fit of the acid/base titration data yielding pK a values of 2.1 and 8 and corresponding site concentrations of 2.1 and 1.7 mmol g −1 , respectively (see Table 1). While the site concentrations of biochar colloids are considerably higher than those of parent biochar, the chemical groups on the first and second sites can be attributed to carboxyl and phenolic groups, respectively (Li et al 2014). These results are further corroborated by FTIR analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 61%

Biochar colloids and their use in contaminants removal

Safari

Gunten

Alam

et al. 2019

Biochar

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In this study, we report on the extraction, characterization, and potential applications of colloidal biochar derived from pyrolyzed wood-an untapped source of carbonaceous particles. A series of characterizations was performed on biochar colloids to unravel their colloidal properties and surface chemistry through which it was found that they have a net negative charge and are stable between pH 3 and 10. Moreover, our initial toxicity tests showed that biochar colloids themselves are not toxic and they can be used in remediation applications, which led us to investigate (1) their copper sorption, a model inorganic contaminant, in a scenario that biochar colloids are released into the environment and (2) their potential use in organic pollutants adsorption and degradation. Copper sorption studies showed that biochar colloids have a copper sorption capacity as high as 22 mg g −1 in sub-ppm copper solutions. This increased the acute 48 h lethal concentration (LC 50) of copper for Daphnia magna by 21 ppb, which is comparable to the previously reported effect by dissolved organic matter. Adsorption and degradation of methylene blue (MB), an often-used proxy for organic contaminants in water, were studied by coupling the biochar colloids to positively charged TiO 2 nanoparticles and using it as a photocatalyst. The hybrid MB photodegradation efficiency was 21% higher than that of TiO 2 nanoparticles alone. Enhancement of demethylation is proposed as the main degradation mechanism of MB, as confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and the positive impact of biochar colloids is ascribed to their abundant adsorption sites, which may facilitate MB adsorption and its photocatalytic degradation.

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“…The oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups, phenolic groups and sulfonic groups generally contribute to weak/strong acidity of carbonaceous materials 23,24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Glucose Isomerization to Fructose via a Nitrogen-doped Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds

Chen

Cho

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this work, glucose isomerization to fructose was conducted via a solid base biochar catalyst derived from spent coffee grounds and melamine. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra identified the majority of pyridinic nitrogen on the biochar surface, which imparted the strong base character of the catalyst. Activity of the catalyst was evidenced by fast conversion of glucose (12%) and high selectivity to fructose (84%) in 20 min at a moderate temperature (120 °C) compared to recently reported immobilized tertiary amines at comparable N concentrations (10-15 mol% relative to glucose). By increasing the reaction temperature to 160 °C, fructose yield achieved 14% in 5 min. The base biochar catalyst showed superior selectivity (>80%) to commonly used homogeneous base catalysts such as aqueous hydroxides and amines (50-80%) and comparable catalytic activity (~20 mol% conversion within 20 min). Moreover, co-solvent of acetone in the reaction system may increase the overall basicity by stabilizing protonated water clusters via hydrogen bonding, which led to faster conversion and higher fructose selectivity than those in water. Approximately 19% fructose was obtained at 160 °C, and the basic sites on the biochar catalyst were stable in hydrothermal environment as indicated by acid-base titration test. Therefore, nitrogen-doped engineered biochar can potentially serve as solid base catalyst for biorefinery processes.

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Method To Characterize Acid–Base Behavior of Biochar: Site Modeling and Theoretical Simulation

Cited by 34 publications

References 51 publications

Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil

Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil

Biochar colloids and their use in contaminants removal

Selective Glucose Isomerization to Fructose via a Nitrogen-doped Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds

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