Methodological Approach for Defining Frequency Related Grid Requirements in Low-Carbon Power Systems

Rahmann, Claudia; Chamas, Sebastian Ignacio; Alvarez, R.; Chávez, Héctor; Ortiz-Villalba, D.; Shklyarskiy, Yaroslav

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3021307

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Various recent studies have investigated the potential role of wind, photovoltaic (PV), and battery energy storage systems in providing fast frequency services [12][13][14]. However, there have been few empirical studies which have considered such capabilities from demand response (DR) units, albeit some researchers have considered the contribution of DR units to primary frequency response in much more detail [15,16].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… To this end, in this paper, a simplified model of supermarket refrigeration systems is first presented: which can predict the energy consumption of an individual supermarket refrigeration system, while providing reasonably fast computation, such that a sufficiently large and diverse fleet of supermarkets can be simulated and aggregated to system level, while the impact of supermarket occupancy and outdoor temperature are considered. The aggregated model is used to assess the capability of supermarkets to provide a fast frequency response (FFR). As previously mentioned, research to date has tended to focus on FFR capability from wind, PV, and battery energy storage [12–14] rather than DR units, specifically commercial ones. Although extensive research has been performed on traditional system requirements, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Misaghian

O’Dwyer

Flynn

2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Reduced numbers of online conventional generators, due to increasing shares of renewable energy sources, are increasing the requirement for a fast frequency response capability from reserve providers when a large infeed/outfeed trips. The commercial demand‐side sector, considering its size (MW/MWh) and existing communication and control infrastructure, makes it a potential valuable source of flexibility provision. Supermarket refrigeration systems are considered here as being representative of commercial end‐uses, with individual devices stochastically simulated under different ambient conditions, supermarket occupancy, food categories, and refrigeration performance. An aggregated fleet of supermarket loads are then created to provide a system‐wide reserve response. The all‐island power system of Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland, with a horizon of 2030, is considered as a representative case study. Three distinct demand‐side frequency control methods, including static, droop, and hybrid control are presented and developed within a stability analysis platform. Year‐long simulation results show a general improvement in the frequency nadir and (maximum) rate of change of frequency when supermarkets are providing fast frequency response services to the grid, with the likelihood of severe transients (frequency nadir <49 Hz) greatly reduced (82% improvement), depending on the FFR control design, and associated speed of response.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Misaghian

O’Dwyer

Flynn

2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…The algorithm for the formation of the cost of electricity and power when consumption exceeded the declared maximum had general principles in different countries. Article [57] discusses a way to reduce consumption peaks in the Chile power system using wind generators and analyzes the existing methods of generating the cost of electricity in the country to maintain the balance of frequency and active power in the system.…”

Section: Regulation Of the Electricity Load Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Determining the Optimal Capacity of Energy Storage Systems with a Long-Term Forecast of Power Consumption

Senchilo

Ustinov

2021

Energies

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The unevenness of the electricity consumption schedule at enterprises leads to a peak power increase, which leads to an increase in the cost of electricity supply. Energy storage devices can optimize the energy schedule by compensating the planned schedule deviations, as well as reducing consumption from the external network when participating in a demand response. However, during the day, there may be several peaks in consumption, which lead to a complete discharge of the battery to one of the peaks; as a result, total peak power consumption does not decrease. To optimize the operation of storage devices, a day-ahead forecast is often used, which allows to determine the total number of peaks. However, the power of the storage system may not be sufficient for optimal peak compensation. In this study, a long-term forecast of power consumption based on the use of exogenous parameters in the decision tree model is used. Based on the forecast, a novel algorithm for determining the optimal storage capacity for a specific consumer is developed, which optimizes the costs of leveling the load schedule.

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“…In particular, by 2050, China plans to increase the capacity of nuclear power plants to 250 GW, while, according to estimates by The Energy Research Institute [5], industrial storage systems with a total capacity of about 113 GW will be needed to regulate this capacity. In addition, an example of the use of power accumulators is frequency regulation in order to balance supply and demand in the minute phase [6]. For example, Tesla's Hornsdale Power Reserve (100 MW/129 MWh), commissioned in South Australia (≈2% of the installed capacity of the region's power system), is included in the Frequency Control and Ancillary Services System (FCAS).…”

Section: Diffusion Of Ress Into Existing Energy System Through the Development Of Power Accumulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia

et al. 2021

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Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.

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Methodological Approach for Defining Frequency Related Grid Requirements in Low-Carbon Power Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Method for Determining the Optimal Capacity of Energy Storage Systems with a Long-Term Forecast of Power Consumption

Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia

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