Prospects and Obstacles for Green Hydrogen Production in Russia

Abstract

Renewable energy is considered the one of the most promising solutions to meet sustainable development goals in terms of climate change mitigation. Today, we face the problem of further scaling up renewable energy infrastructure, which requires the creation of reliable energy storages, environmentally friendly carriers, like hydrogen, and competitive international markets. These issues provoke the involvement of resource-based countries in the energy transition, which is questionable in terms of economic efficiency, compared to conventional hydrocarbon resources. To shed a light on the possible efficiency of green hydrogen production in such countries, this study is aimed at: (1) comparing key Russian trends of green hydrogen development with global trends, (2) presenting strategic scenarios for the Russian energy sector development, (3) presenting a case study of Russian hydrogen energy project «Dyakov Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP» in Magadan region. We argue that without significant changes in strategic planning and without focus on sustainable solutions support, the further development of Russian power industry will be halted in a conservative scenario with the limited presence of innovative solutions in renewable energy industries. Our case study showed that despite the closeness to Japan hydrogen market, economic efficiency is on the edge of zero, with payback period around 17 years. The decrease in project capacity below 543.6 MW will immediately lead to a negative NPV. The key reason for that is the low average market price of hydrogen ($14/kg), which is only a bit higher than its production cost ($12.5/kg), while transportation requires about $0.96/kg more. Despite the discouraging results, it should be taken into account that such strategic projects are at the edge of energy development. We see them as an opportunity to lead transnational energy trade of green hydrogen, which could be competitive in the medium term, especially with state support.

Rational methods of geodetic control of technogenic consequences of the development of oil and gas fields

“…2. At the present stage [14,15], the control of technogenic consequences of the development of oil and gas fields is possible with the joint application of methods of point re-leveling and interferometric radar survey as part of monitoring observations, given that the results of radar interoferometry allow minimizing the interpolation errors of the deformation characteristics point-set by repeated leveling over all areas of mining allotment.…”

Analysis of the hydrodynamic modeling market under the environmental conservation concept

“…The transition to the high-tech scenario requires a number of changes in the process of forming technological reserves, as well as elimination of institutional and infrastructural risks. [7] The purpose of the development of the Russian fossil fuel energy industry, on the one hand, is to strengthen and maintain its position in the global socio-economic development, and on the other hand, to strengthen and maintain its position in the global energy sector, as well as to maintain a reliable quality and economic supply of energy and raw materials, taking into account the principles of energy conservation and energy efficiency.…”

Materializing International Trade of Decarbonized Hydrogen Through Optimization in Both Economic and Environmental Aspects

“…In 2021, Roos evaluated costs to produce H 2 by alkaline electrolysis in South Africa (ZAF) and found out that the produced H 2 can be introduced to JPN at 3 $ kgH 2 –1 by 2030 and 2040 at 3 and 6% weighted average capital cost, respectively . In 2021, Kopteva et al analyzed the prospects of RE and its implementation with green H 2 by covering the techno-EA of H 2 production project of RUS and conducted a case study for transportation of produced H 2 from RUS to JPN figuring out that the considered supply chain is not economically viable . Raab et al performed a comparative techno-EA with three different H 2 transport pathways including LH 2 , methylcyclohexane (MCH)-based LOHC, and dibenzyltoluene-based LOHC and presented the most feasible option for transporting H 2 from AUS to JPN as using dibenzyltoluene-based LOHC through a case study in 2021 .…”

“…16 In 2021, Kopteva et al analyzed the prospects of RE and its implementation with green H 2 by covering the techno-EA of H 2 production project of RUS and conducted a case study for transportation of produced H 2 from RUS to JPN figuring out that the considered supply chain is not economically viable. 17 Raab et al performed a comparative techno-EA with three different H 2 transport pathways including LH 2 , methylcyclohexane (MCH)-based LOHC, and dibenzyltoluene-based LOHC and presented the most feasible option for transporting H 2 from AUS to JPN as using dibenzyltoluene-based LOHC through a case study in 2021. 18 Brandle et al presented an optimization study in 2021 for an efficient combination of RE sources and electrolyzers in several countries considering country-specific and RE-specific hourly capacity factor profiles and several case studies for H 2 supply chains between various countries including Norway, Saudi Arabia, CHN, AUS, DEU, JPN, and United States, figuring out that the supply chains will become feasible only for countries that can be linked using pipelines due to the cost-intensive ship transportation.…”