Methodological aspects of epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases

Kingman, Albert; Albandar, Jasim M.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290102.x

Cited by 234 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Compared to full-mouth examinations, partial-mouth examinations have been found to underestimate the presence of PD and CAL loss. 20 The results of the Colombian National Study revealed that only 3% of the 20-to 24-year-old participants had a CAL loss of at least 3 mm, a figure closer to our present findings. However, 11% of 30-to 34-year-old participants had a CAL of at least 3 mm.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

et al. 2014

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Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35Abstract: Epidemiological data on the periodontal health and oral hygiene practices of young individuals in Latin America are limited. This study was conducted in a sample of 355 first-year students randomly selected from 3,251 new students entering the largest university in Colombia. Participants received a periodontal examination and were interviewed about oral hygiene practices. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between oral hygiene practices (including smoking tobacco) and plaque accumulation and/or periodontal bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants had extensive plaque accumulation and BOP, with a mean O´Leary plaque index of 56% and mean BOP of 37%. Both measures were higher for proximal surfaces. Plaque indices of at least 50% were not associated with any oral hygiene factors; however, plaque index and use of dental floss were associated with a BOP of at least 50%. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in female than in male participants. Only 5% of participants reported smoking tobacco. On average, participants had 2.7 ± 4.6 pockets of at least 4 mm (18% of participants had ≥ 5 and 9% of participants had ≥ 10 pockets of this depth, respectively). On average, participants had 2.1 ± 4.4 sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 2 mm (15% and 6% of participants had ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 sites with this level of loss). Only 8% of participants were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, and no participants were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. In conclusion, although participants had high levels of plaque and BOP, signs of advanced destructive periodontal disease were minimal.

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Section: Clinical Examinationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

et al. 2014

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“…Additionally, all periodontal conditions according the community periodontal index and attachment loss index criteria are recorded, and not only the more severe alterations as proposed by WHO 17 . PAL was defined as periodontal attachment level 3 4mm at probing in at least one site of one tooth, according to Kingman & Albandar 13 who considered the presence of periodontal disease as the dependent variable. Exposure assessment was conducted using a job exposure matrix with job titles on one axis and inorganic acids on the other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study design is not the most appropriate for assessing causal association, because the antecedence of exposure to acid mists in relation to periodontal disease cannot be affirmed. Definition and classification of diagnosis and severity of periodontal disease pose difficulties for clinicians and researchers 13 , due to the multiple manifestations and complex etiology, where several risk factors have been described as playing distinct roles in the same individual and across different populations 23 . Although clinical parameters from community periodontal index and attachment loss index 17 were used to assess periodontal disease in this study, each tooth was examined and all identified signs were recorded.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, epidemiological studies have used PAL as the principal measure of the chronic irreversible stage of this disease 13,16,22 . Conclusions from this study need to be interpreted with caution because of several methodological limitations.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The destructive forms of these diseases are characterized by loss of tooth epithelial attachment to gingival connective tissues and resorption of the alveolar bone that provides physical support to the dental structure 12 . PAL corresponds to the distance from the cementum-enamel junction to the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket 13 . PAL has been recognized as a relevant late stage of periodontal disease, because it is an important predictor of destructive forms of this frequently irreversible condition 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational exposure to acid mists and periodontal attachment loss

et al. 2008

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This study investigated the hypotheses that occupational exposure to acid mists is positively associated with periodontal disease, assessed by periodontal attachment loss. The study sample included 530 male workers at a metal processing factory. Data were obtained from interviews and oral examinations. Periodontal attachment loss was defined as > 4mm at probing, in at least one tooth. A job exposure matrix was utilized for exposure evaluation. Exposure to acid mists was positively associated with periodontal attachment loss > 4mm at any time (prevalence ratio, PRadjusted = 2.17), past (PRadjusted = 2.11), and over 6 years of exposure (PRadjusted = 1.77), independently of age, alcohol consumption, and smoking, and these results were limited to workers who did not use dental floss. Exposure to acid mists is a potential risk factor for periodontal attachment loss, and further studies are needed, using longitudinal designs and more accurate exposure measures.

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Partial‐mouth periodontal examination protocol for estimating periodontitis extent and severity in a US population

Tran

et al. 2016

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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We have previously demonstrated that half-mouth four-site periodontal examination protocol performed well in estimating periodontitis prevalence. This study aimed to assess biases associated with this same protocol in estimating periodontitis extent and severity in a United States population. Periodontitis extent as determined by percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥3, and ≥5 mm and severity as determined by mean CAL were calculated for full-mouth examination and half-mouth four-site protocol based on 3734 adults sampled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. Probing depth was excluded because of low data reliability. The comparison between full-mouth and half-mouth assessments was based on bias, relative bias, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). For full-mouth examination, periodontitis extent was 21.2% for CAL ≥3 mm and 6.9% for CAL ≥5 mm; periodontitis severity (mean CAL) was 1.73 mm. Half-mouth four-site protocol provided bias À1.2% and relative bias À5.7% for extent (CAL ≥3 mm). Corresponding numbers were À0.3% and 4.3% for extent (CAL ≥5 mm), À0.05 mm and À2.9% for severity. Although the difference between full-mouth and half-mouth assessments was statistically significant, ICCs between them were ≥0.96 for extent (CAL ≥3, 5 mm), and severity (mean CAL). Half-mouth four-site protocol performed well in estimating periodontitis extent and severity based on CAL. Therefore, this protocol should be considered for periodontitis surveillance.

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Methodological aspects of epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases

Cited by 234 publications

References 21 publications

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

Occupational exposure to acid mists and periodontal attachment loss

Partial‐mouth periodontal examination protocol for estimating periodontitis extent and severity in a US population

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