Methodologies for measuring fugitive methane emissions from landfills – A review

Mønster, Jacob; Kjeldsen, Peter; Scheutz, Charlotte

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.047

Cited by 150 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Conversely, outdoor tire stacks can be considered as a very particular type of solid passive area source. Two general approaches are usually identified to estimate emission rate values from area sources [34][35][36]:…”

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and Application of a Protocol for Electronic Nose Field Performance Testing: Example of Odor Monitoring from a Tire Storage Area

2020

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Odor pollution is nowadays recognized as a serious environmental concern. Italy still lacks a national regulation about odors, but several regions issued specific guidelines and regulations regarding odor emissions management, which combine olfactometric measurements with dispersion modeling for assessing odor impacts and verifying compliance with acceptability criteria. However, in cases of variable or diffuse sources, this approach is sometimes hardly applicable, because odor emission rates can hardly be estimated. In such cases, electronic noses, or more generally, Instrumental Odor Monitoring Systems (IOMS), represent a suitable solution for direct odor measurement. Accordingly, IOMS are explicitly mentioned in the most recent regional regulations as advanced tools for odor impact assessment. In Italy, data from instrumental odor monitoring have started to have regulatory value; thus the need arises to have specific quality programs to ensure and verify the reliability of IOMS outcomes. This paper describes the monitoring by a commercial electronic nose (EOS507F) of odors from an area dedicated to tire storage, a diffuse source with variable emissions over time, for which dispersion modeling is not applicable. The paper proposes also a protocol for IOMS performance testing in the field, to provide experimental data to support technical groups working on standardization both on the national and European level.

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Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and Application of a Protocol for Electronic Nose Field Performance Testing: Example of Odor Monitoring from a Tire Storage Area

2020

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“…This technique has been recently employed for inspection of thermal anomalies related to biogas emissions in landfills [9,10]. As outlined in the review paper by Mønster et al [11], the UAV-based infrared survey of waste disposal sites has the great advantage to be rapid and simple to deploy in the field, and relatively inexpensive (depending on the scale and complexity of the field measurement program). The temperature contrast between the soil surface and the ambient air has to be maximized to obtain the best results from thermal imaging: for this reason, thermal images should be captured during the night-time or in the early morning, before sunrise, and possibly in the winter season [1,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As outlined in the review paper by Mønster et al [11], the UAV-based infrared survey of waste disposal sites has the great advantage to be rapid and simple to deploy in the field, and relatively inexpensive (depending on the scale and complexity of the field measurement program). The temperature contrast between the soil surface and the ambient air has to be maximized to obtain the best results from thermal imaging: for this reason, thermal images should be captured during the night-time or in the early morning, before sunrise, and possibly in the winter season [1,11]. Soil-to-ambient air temperature differences are also attenuated in windy conditions (due to the increased convective heat transfer from the soil to the atmosphere), which may also constitute an impediment to UAV flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil-to-ambient air temperature differences are also attenuated in windy conditions (due to the increased convective heat transfer from the soil to the atmosphere), which may also constitute an impediment to UAV flight. Moreover, detected thermal anomalies may be due to processes other than the emission of warm landfill gas, e.g., microbial processes (respiration or methane oxidation), or variability in the emissivity of different surfaces (presence of vegetation and different types of soil), potentially causing sampling bias [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A UAV-Based Thermal-Imaging Approach for the Monitoring of Urban Landfills

et al. 2020

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The monitoring of waste disposal sites is important in order to minimize leakages of biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion and potentially explosive and detrimental to the environment. In this research, thermal imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to monitor urban landfills. Since the anaerobic decomposition produces heat along with biogas, thermal anomalies recorded over the soil are likely to be associated with local biogas escaping from the landfill terrain and leaving a local thermal print. A simple and novel approach, based only on the processing of thermal maps gathered by the remote sensing surveys, has been proposed for the estimation of the fugitive methane emissions from landfills. Two case studies, concerning two Italian landfills, have been presented. For one of them (Mount Scarpino, Genoa), significant thermal anomalies were identified during several UAV flights and the relevant thermal images processed to obtain a rough estimation of the associated methane leakages. For the second landfill (Scala Erre, Sassari), the thermal map did not reveal any anomaly attributable to local biogas emission. Despite some limitations outlined in the paper, the present approach is proposed as an innovative method to identify significant biogas leakages from an urban landfill and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the methane production potential.

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“…Existing facility-scale methane flux quantification methodologies require atmospheric methane concentration ([CH 4 ]) measurements, which can be obtained using either remote sensing or in-situ methods [13][14][15][16], although in-situ measurements are more commonly used [17]. Examples of previously used methane in-situ measurement-based techniques include eddy covariance [18], mass balance box models [17,[19][20][21][22][23][24], and the tracer dispersion method (TDM), which compares the downwind ratio of methane concentration to an inert tracer [13,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Near-Field Gaussian Plume Inversion Flux Quantification Method, Applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling

et al. 2019

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The accurate quantification of methane emissions from point sources is required to better quantify emissions for sector-specific reporting and inventory validation. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as a platform to sample plumes near to source. This paper describes a near-field Gaussian plume inversion (NGI) flux technique, adapted for downwind sampling of turbulent plumes, by fitting a plume model to measured flux density in three spatial dimensions. The method was refined and tested using sample data acquired from eight UAV flights, which measured a controlled release of methane gas. Sampling was conducted to a maximum height of 31 m (i.e. above the maximum height of the emission plumes). The method applies a flux inversion to plumes sampled near point sources. To test the method, a series of random walk sampling simulations were used to derive an NGI upper uncertainty bound by quantifying systematic flux bias due to a limited spatial sampling extent typical for short-duration small UAV flights (less than 30 min). The development of the NGI method enables its future use to quantify methane emissions for point sources, facilitating future assessments of emissions from specific source-types and source areas. This allows for atmospheric measurement-based fluxes to be derived using downwind UAV sampling for relatively rapid flux analysis, without the need for access to difficult-to-reach areas.

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Methodologies for measuring fugitive methane emissions from landfills – A review

Abstract: Revised review paper intended for publication in the special issue of Waste Management "Landfill Gas EmissionMonitoring".

Cited by 150 publications

References 147 publications

Definition and Application of a Protocol for Electronic Nose Field Performance Testing: Example of Odor Monitoring from a Tire Storage Area

Definition and Application of a Protocol for Electronic Nose Field Performance Testing: Example of Odor Monitoring from a Tire Storage Area

A UAV-Based Thermal-Imaging Approach for the Monitoring of Urban Landfills

A Near-Field Gaussian Plume Inversion Flux Quantification Method, Applied to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling

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