Methodologies to Determine Geometrical Similarity Patterns as Experimental Models for Shapes in Architectural Heritage

Abstract

Today, plans to protect historic buildings focus on managing architectural heritage sustainably. Technical teams, such as architects and restorers, use massive data acquisition techniques, so an identification mechanism is required to select geometrical similarity patters to support hypothesis that guarantee historical data. Moreover, computational methods are required to understand the role of organic shapes in historic buildings. This paper first describes an extensive review of the literature and then the algorithms and methods to compare and to detect similar geometrical elements and complex patterns in architecture and archaeology. For this purpose, two key aspects are considered: the metric standpoint and historical-graphical features of the 3D models, i.e., composition, techniques, styles, and historical-graphical documentary sources. Research implies testing several methodological lines to know the similarity degree of complex organic shapes in architectural details through statistical analysis, software to assess point clouds, and complex curve analysis. The results have shown that the three procedures can be compared and that the bases of the pillars of both the Cathedral of Seville and the churches in Carmona, Jerez, and Morón are very similar; however, the base of the pillar of the church in Carmona presents scalability variations.

Analysis and Precision of Light Detection and Ranging Sensors Integrated in Mobile Phones as a Framework for Registration of Ground Control Points for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Scanning Technique for Building Information Modelling in Archaeological Sites

“…In our case study, the control points were taken by the LEICA Flexline TS02 total station with a precision of 2 mm [26]. The full description of the photogrammetry processing methodology used is described in previous works [27,28], leaving, in this case, the workflow well defined. Regarding the process carried out for the orientation of the base station, it was fixed by means of the local XYZ coordinates established at a single point of the project, which were taken as 100, 100 and 10 m, respectively.…”