Methodology development based on “dilute and shoot” and QuEChERS for determination of multiple mycotoxins in cocoa by LC-MS/MS

Development and Validation of QuEChERS Followed by UHPLC-ToF-MS Method for Determination of Multi-Mycotoxins in Pistachio Nuts

“…Numerous multi-mycotoxin methods for pistachio, nuts and other foodstuffs based on QuEChERS methodology have been published [ 25 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The main difference among those methods is the clean-up step using Immunoaffinity Chromatographic Columns (IACs) or d-SPE with different mixtures of sorbents.…”

“…IACs is very sensitive and selective technique due to specific of antibodies to mycotoxins, but (1) uses more solvents in washing and elution steps; (2) there is a possibility of cross antibody reaction; and (3) it depends on the availability of columns in the market concerning mycotoxins and matrices. In d-SPE, other authors include a freezing step that increases the time of analysis [ 41 , 42 ] or uses more than one sorbent which has a higher cost [ 34 , 40 , 42 ]. Recently, some methods are based on “diluted and shoot” approach, a “no clean-up” technique that could affect the performance of the chromatographic equipment [ 41 ].…”

“…In d-SPE, other authors include a freezing step that increases the time of analysis [ 41 , 42 ] or uses more than one sorbent which has a higher cost [ 34 , 40 , 42 ]. Recently, some methods are based on “diluted and shoot” approach, a “no clean-up” technique that could affect the performance of the chromatographic equipment [ 41 ]. So, QuEChERS with d-SPE using Z-Sep as sorbent, is a simple, rapid and easy technique for application to large number of samples in a short time, with less use of reagents, solvents and materials, allowing effective extraction of mycotoxins and removing lipids and other compounds present in pistachios that can interfere with the HPLC system.…”