Methodology for Formal Verification of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Camara, Daniel; Loureiro, A.A.F.; Filali, Fethi

doi:10.1109/glocom.2007.137

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fig. 6 shows the embedded C code (lines [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and an assertion (line 15) for detecting the existence of a loop. This code is executed by every process (i.e., node).…”

Section: Loop Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State space reduction techniques for model checking of MANET protocols

Kojima

Nagashima

Tsuchiya

2017

IJNC

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A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network that consists of mobile nodes and is autonomously managed without infrastructure base stations such as access points. MANETs have started being used as part of safety critical applications. A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) used in automated driving systems is such an example. In such applications, defects in the network protocol may cause serious social problems. Model checking, a state search-based verification technique, has proven to be effective in finding faults in complex system designs, such as communication protocols. However it is challenging to apply this technique to MANET protocols, because a MANET can have a number of different network topologies, thus resulting in the state explosion problem very easily. In this paper we propose a modeling technique to mitigate this problem using the AODV protocol as a running example. MANET protocols, such as AODV, typically enforce a source node that wishes to establish a route to the destination to retry the route establishing process some fixed number of times in face of failures. We show that to model check the protocol's behavior in these retries it suffices to consider only the last trial. The results of experiments using the SPIN model checker show that using the proposed technique significantly reduced the time and memory usage compared to standard full state exploration and allowed us to model check the protocol with up to five nodes.

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Section: Loop Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State space reduction techniques for model checking of MANET protocols

Kojima

Nagashima

Tsuchiya

2017

IJNC

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“…Formal verification is the process verifying that algorithms work correctly with respect to some formal property [33]. Formally modeling systems helps to analyze the interconnection of components and processes and how the information is processed in the system [34].…”

Section: Formal Modeling and Verification Of The Matfmentioning

confidence: 99%

MATF: a multi-attribute trust framework for MANETs

Khan

Malik

et al. 2016

J Wireless Com Network

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To enhance the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) security, various trust-based security schemes have been proposed. However, in most of the trust-based security schemes, a node's trust is computed based on a single trust attribute criteria, such as data forwarding. Using single trust attribute criteria may cause the bootstrapping problem, which refers to the time required by the trust-based scheme to build trust and reputation among nodes in the network. The bootstrapping problem in these schemes may provide more opportunities to misbehaving nodes to drop packets and remain undetected for longer time in the network. Moreover, using single trust attribute criteria does not effectively deal with the selective misbehavior by a smart malicious node. In this work, we propose a scheme that is based on the multi-attribute trust criteria to minimize the bootstrapping time, which ultimately improves the performance of the scheme in terms of high malicious node detection rate, low false-positive rate, and packet loss rate. The contributions of this paper are (a) identification of trust attributes along with the development of a comprehensive multi-attribute trust framework (MATF) using multiple watchdogs for malicious node identification and isolation, (b) formal modeling and verification of our proposed MATF using HLPN, SMT-Lib, and Z3 Solver, and (c) simulation-based validation and evaluation of the proposed trust framework in the context of optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol against various security threats, such as message dropping, message modification, and link withholding attacks. The simulation results revealed that the proposed trust framework achieves about 98 % detection rate of malicious nodes with only 1-2 % false positives. Moreover, the proposed MATF has an improved packet delivery ratio as compared to the single attribute-based scheme.

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“…A number of different protocols have been verified using formal modeling. Camara et al [18] applied formal methods using SPIN to verify the design bugs in protocols for MANET networks such as LAR, DREAM and OLSR. Fehnker et al [19] and Henderson et al [20] used UPPAAL to identify flaws in the WSN protocols.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of an Ad-hoc Serial Communication Protocol through Model-checking: A Case Study with Echo Sounder

Majeed¹,

Saghar²,

Hameed³

et al. 2017

JSW

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Serial data transmission accounts for a considerable share of the overall communication involved in real-time embedded systems. Although there are some standard serial protocols, many systems still use ad-hoc serial protocols for communication between a control computer and a serial peripheral device. Such protocols may have flaws in them which cannot be revealed by computer simulations or testing only. To complement testing, formal methods are now widely used and have proved effective in the verification of various communication protocols. However, for serial communication specifically, most of the previous research is focused on applying formal methods for the verification of standard serial interfaces. In the current work instead, we use formal methods to verify an ad-hoc serial communication protocol between a control computer and an echo sounder. Through our case study, we show how we integrated formal modeling and model-checking methods in an existing system and as a result, we were able to discover a fault in the protocol design, which could have gone unnoticed without formal software verification.

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Methodology for Formal Verification of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

State space reduction techniques for model checking of MANET protocols

State space reduction techniques for model checking of MANET protocols

MATF: a multi-attribute trust framework for MANETs

Verification of an Ad-hoc Serial Communication Protocol through Model-checking: A Case Study with Echo Sounder

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