Methodology in improving antibiotic implementation policies

Abstract

The basic requirements of antibiotic prescribing are components of methodology; knowledge, logical reasoning, and analysis. Antimicrobial drugs are valuable but limited resources, different from other drugs and they are among the most commonly prescribed drugs all over the world. They are the only drugs which do not intentionally affect the patient. They affect the pathogens which invade the host. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens are accelerated by heavy antibiotic usage. The effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control program have been shown to limit the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In this respect, education for antibiotic prescribing could be designed by going through the steps of scientific methodology. A defined leadership and a coordinated multidisciplinary approach are necessary for optimizing the indication, selection, dosing, route of administration, and duration of antimicrobial therapy. In scenarios, knowledge is also as important as experience for critical decision making as is designated. In this setting, the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of antimicrobials, and their interactions with other drugs need to be observed. In this respect, infectious disease service should play an important role in improving antimicrobial use by giving advice on the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents, and implementing evidencebased guidelines.

Perceptions and practices for beta‐lactam antibiotic dosing, administration, and monitoring in critically ill patients: Current views and use among critical care and infectious diseases pharmacists

“…This may require ICU teams to share decision‐making with AMS teams to a greater extent than currently suggested by CC pharmacists. Providers and administrators should work together and with implementation scientists to develop and study best practices for harmonizing AMS efforts in ICUs …”

The effect of the implementation of evidence-based drug formulary on antibacterial use in a private hospital at Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

“…The evidence-based treatment approach for infectious diseases based on the results of current studies is really needed to update the knowledge in antibacterial drug use. [9][10][11][12] Patterson et al reported that 92% antibacterial drug prescribing by general practitioners for otitis media was inappropriate, and based on microbiological analysis, there were no bacteria found. The type of antibacterial prescribed was often incorrect because the prescribing was generally not consistent with the suspected pathogenic bacteria.…”

Lichen butyrolactone derivatives disrupt oral bacterial membrane

“…Chemical shifts were referenced to the residual solvent signal B-13 and B-12 derivatives described previously were used in this study [7]. Calculated log P = 7.29 (B-12) and 7.67 (B-13) (2-{2- [1,2,5]…”

“…Treatment of infections with antibiotics reduces morbidity; however, the erroneous or unsuitable antibiotic can lead to the emergence of resistant pathogenic bacteria [1]. Facing this worldwide concern, alternative antimicrobial candidates against multidrug-resistant bacteria were developed.…”