Anggrain et al., The influence of acetylation status of tuberculosis patients on the isoniazid serum concentrations and sputum conversion after intensive phase therapy

Informal sector workers are workers who are most vulnerable to various risks that cause health problems. Health and safety issues related to their work can interfere with their productivity. Tapis craftsmen in the  Negeri Katon Village,Pesawaran Regency, Lampung is part of the Tapis Jejama UMKM. Based on interviews with the UMKM coordinator, it was found that the craftsmen complained of back, neck, arm, and hand pain and symptoms of anemia. This interferes with the productivity of Tapis craftsmen. This service aims to improve the occupational health status of filter craftsmen in Negeri Katon Village to support work productivity in both health and economic aspects. The benefits of this activity are to reduce the incidence of anemia, musculoskeletal pain and help strengthen Negeri Katon Village as a Creative Tourism Village. The activity was carried out with a target of 30 tapis craftsmen. The solutions offered are occupational health services for tapis craftsmen, health education about ergonomics, occupational nutrition, and the stretching benefits. The results obtained that 100% of workers complained of musculoskeletal pain, as many as 5 people (8.3%) got hypertension and as many as 12 people (40%) got anemia. Before education, the knowledge of filter craftsmen about health risks in their work was 68% and after education is carried out, there is an increase of 97%. This activity needs to be carried out with the establishment of the Pos Upaya Kesehatan Kerja (UKK) as an effort to maintain the health of tapis craftsmen in Negeri Katon Village, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung.  

Farmers are generally always exposed to chemicals in the form of pesticides and fertilizers which can be irritants and allergens. This research was an observational descriptive using a cross-sectional method with 379 respondents. The research data were taken from interviews, questionnaires, and physical examinations by dermatologists and genitals. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: 13,5% of farmers experienced contact dermatitis. The analysis results of this study indicate that there is a statistical relationship between contact dermatitis with the use of the following factors, personal protective equipment (p-value=0,000), contact time (p-value=0,000), personal hygiene (p-value=0,000), total types of pesticides (p-value=0,000), and number of types of fertilizer (p-value=0,000). While the factors that were not statistically significant in this study were the relationship between contact dermatitis and length of service (p-value=0,919), atopic history (p-value=0,784), and type of occupation (p-value=0,115). There is a relationship between the following factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, duration of contact, personal hygiene, the number of pesticides, and the number of types of fertilizers with the incidence of contact dermatitis in farmers in the District of Punduh pedada.

The increase of drug expenditure in the hospital has facilitated the implementation of an evidence-based drug formulary. The aim of this study was to assess the change in antibacterial use after the implementation of an evidence-based drug formulary in a private hospital at Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. This study used a preposttest design. Drug use data in the period before (2010-2011) and after (2012-2013) the formulary implementation were extracted from the hospital medical records. The drug use in the hospital before and after the implementation was compared using t-test and chi-square test, with the significance level of 0.05. Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription after the implementation was similar with that before the implementation (4.4 vs 4.6; p > 0.05). However, the proportion of generic drugs prescribed increased significantly after the formulary implementation (17.0% vs 52.7%; p < 0.05). Moreover, it was still significantly increased when the analysis was conducted only for antibacterial drugs (25.9% vs 72.0%; p < 0.05). Average drug cost per prescription was 34% lower after the intervention (p < 0.05), and the average cost for antibacterial drug was also decreased (26%). The use of antibacterial drugs was significantly decreased after the intervention (12.5% vs 6.9%; p < 0.05). The most often antibacterial drugs prescribed before the interventions were beta-lactams and macrolides; while quinolones were more increasingly used after the intervention. In conclusion, the implementation of evidencebased hospital drug formulary in a private hospital at Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan significantly increase generic drug use and decreased antibacterial use and average drug cost per prescription. ABSTRAKPeningkatan belanja obat di rumah sakit menyebabkan dibuatnya formularium obat berbasis bukti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai perubahan penggunaan antibakteri setelah implementasi formularium obat berbasis bukti di rumah sakit swasta di Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan prepost tes menggunakan data rekam medik rumah sakit dari periode sebelum (2010)(2011) 17 Kristin et al., The effect of the implementation of evidence-based drug formularyon antibacterial use in a private hospital at Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesiadan setelah (2012-2013) implementasi formularium. Indikator penggunaan obat sebelum dan sesudah implementasi dibandingkan dengan menggunakan uji t dan chi square, dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Jumlah rata-rata obat yang diresepkan perlembar resep sebelum dan setelah implementasi setara (4,4 vs 4,6; p > 0,05). Namun, proporsi obat generik yang diresepkan meningkat secara nyata setelah penerapan formularium (17,0 vs 52,7%; p <0,05). Selain itu peningkat secara nyata masih dijumpai ketika analisis dilakukan hanya untuk antibakteri (25,9 vs 72,0%; p <0,05). Rata-rata biaya obat per resep adalah 34% lebih rendah setelah implementasi (p <0,05) dan biaya rata-rata untuk antibakteri juga menurun ...

Pendahulan: Imunoterapi untuk kanker digunakan berdasarkan prinsip penyakitnya bahwa sistem kekebalan tubuh mampu menghasilkan respons imun terhadap sel-sel tumor. Saat ini tatalaksana yang tersedia untuk pasien melanoma selektif berdasarkan tingkat respons dari penyakitnya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tatalaksana melanoma yang menggunakan imunologi. Metode: Artikel ini disusun menggunakan metode literature review, menggunakan 32 sumber berasal dari jurnal dan buku. Hasil: Interferon-α telah disetujui untuk pengobatan ajuvan stadium III melanoma dengan peningkatan survival rate. Diperlukan pendekatan baru dan lebih inovatif dengan peningkatan efek terapi. Prognosis pasien dengan melanoma metastasis di dunia telah berubah secara dramatis sejak adanya imun checkpoint inhibitor. Pembahasan: Ipilimumab, yang menargetkan protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) adalah agen pertama yang ada. Selanjutnya nivolumab dan pembrolizumab yang berikatan dengan protein programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) telah terbukti lebih efektif dan lebih rendah angka toksisitasnya daripada ipilimumab. Kombinasi nivolumab atau pembrolizumab dengan ipilimumab telah menghasilkan peningkatan tingkat respons dan hasil survival rate pasien. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan mengeksplorasi data uji klinis penting yang telah menyebabkan penggunaan agen imunoterapi ini di dunia dan beberapa hasil uji klinis yang saat ini dilaporkan untuk terapi kombinasi baru. Simpulan: Saat ini terapi imunologi untuk tatalaksana melanoma dapat di terapkan.   Kata kunci: Imunoterapi, kemoterapi, melanoma, tatalaksana