Methodology of a combined approach: analytical techniques to identify the technology and raw materials used in thin-walled pottery from Herculaneum and Pompeii

Giannossa, Lorena Carla; Acquaviva, M; Benedetto, Giuseppe E. De; Acquafredda, Pasquale; Laviano, Rocco; Mangone, Annarosa

doi:10.1039/c3ay42195c

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Quantitative results were obtained under the following operating conditions: 15 kV accelerating potential, 500 pA probe current, about 25,000 cps as average count rate on the whole spectrum, and 50 s counting time. X-ray intensities were converted to wt.% oxides by XPP correction scheme, developed by Pouchou and Pichoir [51,52] granted as quantitative software support by Oxford-Link Analytical (UK). Millimeter-sized slivers were cut out from pre-existing fractures or edges, included in epoxy resin and covered with a 30 nm graphite layer in order to perform SEM-EDS analyses.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the raw materials and technological practice to obtain red and black surfaces of Apulian red figure pottery by Raman and SEM‐EDS investigations

Forleo

Giannossa

Laviano

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In this paper, 4th century BC Apulian red vases, from sites among the most relevant in Apulia (Italy), are studied by means of Raman spectroscopy. The effectiveness of this technique in the archaeometric research is emphasized, particularly regarding the manufacturing procedures and raw materials of black and red surfaces. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analyses are carried out jointly with Raman spectroscopy in order to complete the morphological and chemical information. The results show that two different clays have been employed for black gloss and ceramic body. The black gloss proves composed of the finest fraction of terre rosse—very common all over Apulia—with no organic material added to its clayey suspension. Traces of carbon found on the surfaces can be ascribed to fly ash deposited during the firing process. This research highlights that two more methods besides red engobe were used by Apulian potters to color red the surface of whitish/grayish vases realized with local raw materials, namely, the addition of either “miltos” or a clayey layer enriched in Fe oxides. A multi‐step firing (ox‐red‐ox), reaching the maximum temperature of about 900°C, can be deduced from the different mineralogical phases identified through Raman. The possibility of gaining information on the hematite particles size from the position of its characteristic Raman bands is successfully investigated, allowing to get clues on the presence of a surface layer in a nondestructive manner by comparing the particle size there and in the ceramic body.

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Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the raw materials and technological practice to obtain red and black surfaces of Apulian red figure pottery by Raman and SEM‐EDS investigations

Forleo

Giannossa

Laviano

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…The multivariate statistical treatment of compositional data, usually applied to split wares in groups distinctly discriminated per archeological category (Aruga et al 1993;Bruno et al 1994), provenance (Mirti et al 2004b;Mangone et al 2009aMangone et al , 2011Giannossa et al 2014), or manufacturing process (Mangone et al 2008(Mangone et al , 2009c(Mangone et al , 2013, was carried out on standardized data using the software package Minitab®.…”

Section: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An archaeometric approach to gain knowledge on technology and provenance of Apulian red-figured pottery from Taranto

Giannossa

Mininni

Laviano

et al. 2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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(fifth to fourth century BC) coming from Taranto\ud (Italy) was analyzed by a multi-technique approach. The ceramic\ud bodies’ elemental composition has been obtained by\ud inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),\ud the mineralogical composition of pastes by polarized-light\ud optical and electron microscopies (OM and SEM-EDS), and\ud X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD). The results obtained from\ud the statistical treatment of compositional data, combined with\ud those driven from mineralogical composition of pastes, allow\ud to formulate hypotheses about the provenance of the objects\ud and the manufacturing tradition of the workshops, starting to\ud make it possible to understand the relationships among ceramic\ud technology, artistic expression, and workshop practice in\ud the samples analyzed

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“…276 Laser ablation ICP-MS in combination with XRD, WD-XRF, SEM/EDX, colour analysis and optical microscopy was used by Gil et al 277 to rediscover the earth pigments of the Alentejo region (Southern Portugal). A similar approach has been used by Giannossa et al 278 for the analysis of ceramic samples using OM, SEM-EDS, XRD and LA-ICPMS supported by a statistical multivariate treatment of the compositional data of the ceramic bodies in order to identify the technology and raw materials used in thinwalled pottery from Herculaneum and Pompeii.…”

Section: The Multianalytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical chemistry in the field of cultural heritage

Madariaga

2015

Anal. Methods

126

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Methodology of a combined approach: analytical techniques to identify the technology and raw materials used in thin-walled pottery from Herculaneum and Pompeii

Abstract: This study focuses on defining compositional and structural characteristics of ceramic bodies and surfaces of thin-walled pottery (2nd cent. BC–3rd cent. AD) in the Vesuvian area.

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Exploring the raw materials and technological practice to obtain red and black surfaces of Apulian red figure pottery by Raman and SEM‐EDS investigations

Exploring the raw materials and technological practice to obtain red and black surfaces of Apulian red figure pottery by Raman and SEM‐EDS investigations

An archaeometric approach to gain knowledge on technology and provenance of Apulian red-figured pottery from Taranto

Analytical chemistry in the field of cultural heritage

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