Methods for design and fabrication of nanosensors: the case of ZnO-based nanosensor

Gorup, Luiz Fernando; Amorin, Luís Henrique Cardozo; Camargo, Emerson R.; Sequinel, Thiago; Cincotto, Fernando Henrique; Biasotto, Glenda; Ramesar, Naomi; Porta, Felipe de Almeida La

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819870-4.00002-5

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…The huge diversity of thin film materials available, and still to discover, implies the existence of several wet/dry, chemical/physical, and vacuum/atmospheric processing and fabrication techniques [128,129]. Regarding the scope of this work, the wet chemical deposition techniques are not discussed here; their overview can be found elsewhere, including the sol-gel [130,131], chemical bath [131,132], spray pyrolysis [133,134], electrophoretic deposition [135], and electroplating [136][137][138] techniques. Considering only dry vacuum deposition methods, it is possible to classify these techniques into two groups, physical and chemical processes [139].…”

Section: Thin Film Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

et al. 2021

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This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.

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Section: Thin Film Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

et al. 2021

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“…Since both the hydrogen–oxygen mixture flame and combustion flames emit UV radiation, which is invisible to the human eye, a device containing a H 2 gas sensor and a UV detector as a dual-mode sensor or two separate devices are required for safety monitoring and raising the alarm . With the increasing use of hydrogen and the demand for small, cheap, and new electronic devices that can detect hazardous gases, semiconductor oxide-based multifunctional devices are one of the most relevant types for future sensing applications owing to their small size, improved safety, usually good and direct sensing response, and increased efficiency . Micro- and nanodevices based on new functional oxides are now the focus of applied research, as they are expected to become the largest and fastest market, with sales exceeding trillions of euros …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor oxide material that is often used in sensing applications, but it suffers from poor selectivity, high operating temperature, and inadequate response. However, mixing or doping with impurities , and surface functionalization with rare earth elements, such as Ce, Eu, and Er − improves the sensing properties due to catalytic efficiency and access to oxygen ions and the high basicity of the ZnO surface. , However, technologies are needed to synthesize such a combination of oxides with rare earth elements that can be used on a larger scale. In addition, Eu 3+ ions improve the photocatalytic properties of ZnO by reducing the recombination of electron–hole pairs after creating an energy level of impurities that improves the absorption properties of the material .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing

Lupan

Mishra

Wolff

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Fast detection of hydrogen gas leakage or its release in different environments, especially in large electric vehicle batteries, is a major challenge for sensing applications. In this study, the morphological, structural, chemical, optical, and electronic characterizations of ZnO:Eu nanowire arrays are reported and discussed in detail. In particular, the influence of different Eu concentrations during electrochemical deposition was investigated together with the sensing properties and mechanism. Surprisingly, by using only 10 μM Eu ions during deposition, the value of the gas response increased by a factor of nearly 130 compared to an undoped ZnO nanowire and we found an H2 gas response of ∼7860 for a single ZnO:Eu nanowire device. Further, the synthesized nanowire sensors were tested with ultraviolet (UV) light and a range of test gases, showing a UV responsiveness of ∼12.8 and a good selectivity to 100 ppm H2 gas. A dual-mode nanosensor is shown to detect UV/H2 gas simultaneously for selective detection of H2 during UV irradiation and its effect on the sensing mechanism. The nanowire sensing approach here demonstrates the feasibility of using such small devices to detect hydrogen leaks in harsh, small-scale environments, for example, stacked battery packs in mobile applications. In addition, the results obtained are supported through density functional theory-based simulations, which highlight the importance of rare earth nanoparticles on the oxide surface for improved sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensors, even at room temperature, thereby allowing, for instance, lower power consumption and denser deployment.

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“…The uniqueness of the dielectric heating mechanism causes the specific (thermal) effects of microwaves not being possible to reach by conventional heating. Undoubtedly, the use of microwaveassisted heating contributes to an increase in crystallization kinetics, in orders of magnitude, thereby improving material productivity and favoring the obtainment of more complex structures [86,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125]. Also, is well established that the use of microwave energy substantially impacts the physicochemical properties of these advanced materials [126][127][128].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to the materials prepared by this strategy, we highlight the superiority in applications such as superionic conductors [28,59,60], chemical and gas sensors [29,[61][62][63][64][65], electronically conductive solids [30,[66][67][68], complex ceramic oxide and fluorides [31,32,[69][70][71][72][73][74], magnetic materials [33,[75][76][77][78], optoelectronic devices [34,[79][80][81][82], and so on. Furthermore, it is known that the kinetics of hydro(solvo)thermal reactions undergo significant changes when associating technologies such as electrochemistry, microwave, sonochemistry, and others [70,81,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. Among these, microwave-assisted hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis is one of the main unconventional methods widely employed...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview into advantages and applications of conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design

Conti

Dey

Pottker

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The hydro(solvo)thermal approaches due to their simplicity and relatively low cost have attracted great attention to novel advanced materials processing with controlled particle sizes and well-defined morphologies, including the desirable obtaining of diverse metastable phases. Furthermore, in this case, such advanced materials obtained by this strategy generally have a high crystallinity structure as the main characteristic, which is interesting for a wide range of technological applications of high performance. This critical review presents the recent progress and challenges in conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis of novel advanced materials with desirable functionality and outstanding physicochemical properties designed using such methods. Finally, in this perspective, we believe that this detailed knowledge of the effect of processing parameters and as they will affect the prepared materials structure-composition-morphology is a key step to providing new chemical insights for the rational advanced materials design.

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Methods for design and fabrication of nanosensors: the case of ZnO-based nanosensor

Cited by 18 publications

References 177 publications

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies

Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing

An overview into advantages and applications of conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design

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