Methods for Detecting Gaseous and Volatile Carcinogens Using Cell Transformation Assays

Hatch, George G.; Mamay, Patricia D.; Ayer, Mark L.; Casto, Bruce C.; Nesnow, Stephen

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3455-2_7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The assay has been used to evaluate single chemicals as well as complex mixtures [Casto et al, 19811 and multiple agents [Hatch and Anderson, 19851. Positive test results in this system are generally concordant with those obtained in bacterial and mammalian cell mutagenesis assays and in in vivo carcinogenesis assays [Casto, 1981;Hatch et al, 1982aHatch et al, , 1983b EO produced a significant enhancement of virus transformation at 1,200-2,500 ppm after 2 hr of treatment. The longer treatment time (20 hr) was not effective since EO gas concentrations probably decrease with time, presumably by adsorption and/ or penetration of chamber walls and by degradation in the culture media.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Teratogenic effects produced by this compound are weak in mice Wmmel and Labrode, 19791 and negative in rats [Snellings et al, 19791. Methods for treating mammalian cells with gases or vapors of volatilized liquids have been developed in our laboratory. These techniques have allowed the evaluation of the genotoxic effects of chlorinated methanes and ethanes and formaldehyde [Hatch et al, 1982a[Hatch et al, , 1983a using chemical enhancement of virus transformation in primary Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. This study was designed to evaluate the use of this exposure methodology for detecting gene mutation and chemical enhancement of virus transformation utilizing the classical mutagen EO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation and enhanced virus transformation of cultured hamster cells by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide

et al. 1986

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Ethylene oxide is a classical mutagen and a carcinogen based on evidence from studies in experimental animals. It is widely distributed in industrial, research, hospital, and food environments. In an effort to explore the use of newly developed methods for exposing mammalian cells to gaseous or volatile mutagens/carcinogens, Chinese hamster V79 cells were treated for 2 hr with gaseous ethylene oxide, in sealed treatment chambers, and assayed for survival and mutagenic response by analysis of induced resistance to 6-thioguanine or ouabain. Significant numbers of mutants were produced at both genetic markers by 1,250-7,500 ppm ethylene oxide. Similarly, primary Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated for 2 or 20 hr with gaseous ethylene oxide in sealed treatment chambers and subsequently assayed for survival and increased sensitivity to SA7 virus transformation. Treatment concentrations extended from toxic to several nontoxic concentrations. After 2-hr ethylene oxide treatment at 625-2,500 ppm a significant enhancement of virus transformation was observed. At 20 hr after treatment no enhancement was observed. Treatment of hamster cells with ethylene oxide in both bioassay systems yielded concentration-related, quantitative results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation and enhanced virus transformation of cultured hamster cells by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide

et al. 1986

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“…A short-term in vitro assay has been developed [Casto, 1973[Casto, ,1981aCasto et al, 1973Casto et al, ,1974Casto et al, ,1976Hatch et al, 1982aHatch et al, ,1983bHatch and Anderson, 1985al that measures the ability of chemicals of many diverse classes to enhance simian adenovirus (SA7) transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells . This assay has been used to evaluate individual chemicals, as well as complex mixtures [Casto et al, 19811 and multiple agents , and has been used to test volatile liquids and gases, including halogenated compounds [Hatch et al, 1982a[Hatch et al, ,1983b, formaldehyde [Hatch et al, 1983a1, and ethylene oxide [Hatch et al, 1982bl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assay has been used to evaluate individual chemicals, as well as complex mixtures [Casto et al, 19811 and multiple agents , and has been used to test volatile liquids and gases, including halogenated compounds [Hatch et al, 1982a[Hatch et al, ,1983b, formaldehyde [Hatch et al, 1983a1, and ethylene oxide [Hatch et al, 1982bl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical enhancement of SA7 virus transformation of hamster embryo cells: Evaluations by interlaboratory testing of diverse chemicals

Hatch¹,

Anderson²,

Lubet³

et al. 1986

Environ. mutagen

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Twelve chemicals from diverse structural classes were tested under code for their capacity to enhance the transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by simian adenovirus SA7 in two independent laboratories. Pretreatment of hamster cells with eight of those chemicals (reserpine, dichlorvos, methapyrilene hydrochloride, benzidine dihydrochloride, diphenylhydantoin, cinnamyl anthranilate, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, and 4,4'-oxydianiline) produced repeatable enhancement of SA7 transformation at two or more consecutive dose levels, which constitutes clear evidence of enhancing activity in this assay. Both toxic and nontoxic doses of each of these chemicals caused enhancement of virus transformation. Two chemicals (2,6-dichloro-p-phenylenediamine and cinnamaldehyde) produced some evidence of enhancing activity (repeatable transformation enhancement at one dose). Dose ranges for cytotoxicity and enhancement of SA7 transformation were similar in both laboratories for all chemicals producing activity. The final two chemicals, chloramphenicol sodium succinate and ethylene thiourea, failed to reproducibly demonstrate either significant cytotoxicity or enhancement of SA7 transformation at concentrations up to 10-20 mM. The test results for these 12 chemicals were combined with the test results for 9 known carcinogens and noncarcinogens in order to evaluate relationships between activity, dose response, and lowest effective enhancing concentration for these compounds, as well as to correlate them with rodent carcinogenesis classifications. The Syrian hamster embryo cell-SA7 system demonstrated reproducible test responses in both intra- and interlaboratory studies and detected 13 out of 15 known rodent carcinogens.

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“…Methods to determine the genotoxic effects of gaseous and vapor phase chemicals in mammalian cells would clearly be useful in predicting the toxicity of such compounds. A number of exposure regimens have been described to evaluate the toxic effects of volatile or vapor phase chemicals including use of rocking platforms, roller bottles, sealed culture vessels, and supports composed of cellulose nitrate or gas-permeable membranes [Guerrero and Rounds, 1982;Hatch et al, 1982;Krahn et al, 1982;Rasmussen and Crocker, 1982;Robinson, 1982, Bolton et al, 19821. The variety of exposure methods reflects some of the difficulties related to chemical volatility, solubility, and reactivity associated with exposing cells to gases or vapors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an exposure system using cells grown on collagen gels for detecting highly volatile mutagens in the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay

Zamora

Benson

et al. 1983

Environ. mutagen

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Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown on hydrated collagen gels, the overlaying medium removed leaving the cells at an airkollagen interface, and the cells exposed to a dynamic flow of ethylene oxide. Increases in CHO cell mutant frequency and decreases in cell viability were observed. To establish if the exposure system could be simplified, cells were exposed in sealed bottles (static system) to ethylene oxide. No substantial changes in cytotoxicity, mutant frequency, or effective concentration were noted when comparing static versus dynamic exposure systems. The general usefulness of the exposure system using cells grown on collagen gels was evaluated in a static system using propylene oxide and 1,2dichloroethane, both of which were found to be mutagenic and cytotoxic. Comparatively, the exposure of cells by the collagen gel method was as effective in detecting genotoxic damage as were conventional methods (cells covered with medium) using cells grown on glass substrates. The exposure of CHO cells on collagen gels to highly volatile mutagens was simple and inexpensive, and may be generally useful in the detection of gaseous or volatile mutagens.

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Methods for Detecting Gaseous and Volatile Carcinogens Using Cell Transformation Assays

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Mutation and enhanced virus transformation of cultured hamster cells by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide

Mutation and enhanced virus transformation of cultured hamster cells by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide

Chemical enhancement of SA7 virus transformation of hamster embryo cells: Evaluations by interlaboratory testing of diverse chemicals

Evaluation of an exposure system using cells grown on collagen gels for detecting highly volatile mutagens in the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay

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