Methods for determining hydrogen in steels

On the quantification of hydrogen in lithium metal oxides

“…These methods are oen used for the quantication of diffusible and trapped hydrogen in metals. [91][92][93][94][95][96] The gases can be extracted in vacuum (VHE) or in a carrier gas ow (CGHE) at high temperatures. The CGHE process can be used for both solid and melt extraction.…”

“…93,94 The detection of hydrogen via TCD is very sensitive and allows the detection of H contents as low as 0.1 ppm. 92 Solid reference materials, which are certied steels or titanium with different hydrogen concentrations, are used to calibrate the detector system. The specic amount of hydrogen obtained with the TCD is calculated using the previously determined calibration factor, where the signal intensity depends on both the hydrogen concentration and the absolute sample mass.…”

“…93,94 The detection of hydrogen via TCD is very sensitive and allows the detection of H contents as low as 0.1 ppm. 92…”

On the Genesis of Artifacts in Neutron Transmission Imaging of Hydrogenous Steel Specimens

“…One of the samples was electrochemically charged with hydrogen in a 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 acid solution containing 13 mg/L NaAsO 2 (recombination inhibitor for hydrogen gas) and subsequently stored in liquid nitrogen to ensure that no hydrogen effused out of the sample before starting the measurements. The average hydrogen concentration measured at identical samples using the carrier gas hot extraction method [ 23 ] amounted to approximately 210 wt.ppm. One sample was left in the as-produced state without hydrogen charging to be used as a reference for the NR.…”

Ultra high vacuum high precision low background setup with temperature control for thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDA-MS) of hydrogen in metals

“…The recent development of Scanning Kelvin Probe based detection of hydrogen provides besides extremely high sensitivity also high local resolution [8][9][10] common technique currently used in industry to investigate the concentration levels and, to a lesser extent, trapping energies for hydrogen in metals still are the melt or hot extraction methods [11]. During melt extraction the sample, positioned in a graphite crucible, is heated inside a furnace up to 3000 C. The gases released from the molten specimen are transported by a carrier gas (typically nitrogen or helium) to the detection unit, usually a thermal conductivity detector.…”