Methods of Measuring of Residual Stresses and Evaluation of Residual State of Functional Surfaces by X-Ray Diffractometric Methods

Abstract

Objectives of the paper are intended to implement system solutions to nondestructive evaluation of technologies associated with verification of equipment, preparation of samples with different types of functional properties and their subsequent evaluation of various scientific methods. The main objective of experiments is to transform new knowledge of non-destructive technologies into industrial practice in the evaluation of functional properties of the surface and subsurface layers of these technologies. The aim is to increase the level of cooperation R & D institutions with social and economic practices through knowledge and technology transfer, and thus contribute to increased economic growth of the regions in Slovakia. This work is related to the project with the University of Zilina OPVaV-2009/2.2/04-SORO number (26220220101). Its name is Intelligent System for Nondestructive Technologies to evaluation of functional properties of parts of X-ray-diffractometry. The main objective of the project is to transform new nondestructive technology for knowledge transfer to industry for evaluation of functional parts in surface and subsurface layers of non-destructive techniques.

Analysis of 1.4571 Chrome-Nickel Steel Properties after Cold Forming by Bending

“…This device also measures the residual stresses on small as well as large parts, thanks to the variability of the detection head and the differently shaped collimator. [18,19] The measured samples placed on the working table of the measuring device shall be perpendicular to the measuring head. It is very important for the collimator to be perpendicular to the measured surface, so that the reflections of the radiation from the surface routed to the detectors (diffractors) (Figure 6).…”

Influence of Machining and Heat Treatment on Deformations of Thin-Walled Bearings

“…The content of the retained austenite was calculated by means of the non-standard method according to the relation: (1) In which I A and I M are integral intensities of diffractional maximums corresponding with diffraction plane (200) of austenite and martensite, B A and B M correspond with the intensity factor of individual phases. [13,14,15,16] Integral intensity of analyzed diffraction peak was defined according to the position of difractional maximums after profile fitting of a diffraction pattern and it is recorded by relevant processes in Figure 13. Besides austenite and martensite (ferite) also carbides of chrome Cr 7 C 3 and carbides of iron Fe 3 C were identified in the samples.…”

Residual Stress Analysis of Austenitic Steel Designed for Nuclear Energetics in Surface Layers

“…The minimum stress is always perpendicular to the maximum. The maximum and minimum normal residual stresses and their orientation relative to a reference direction can be calculated along with the maximum shear stress using Mohr's circle for stress if the stress σ φ is determined for three different values of φ [8,9,10].…”