Methods of measuring the absolute intensity of ultrasonic waves in liquids and solids

Mikhailov, I. G.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(64)90226-4

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…1. A rod of fused silica, 4 cm in length, with a 5 MHz x-cut quartz transducer bonded to one face and two strips of the 111-V compound under investigation bonded to the other face, is excited to a longitudinal resonance vibration near 5 MHz, containing many half wavelengths. The two strips have a thickness of half a wavelength of the ultrasound and are oriented so that the outer face of one is the (111) plane, and that of the other is the (111) plane.…”

Section: Measuring Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to the velocity of the surface of the 111-V compound. From the Lorentz force voltage the strain amplitude can be calculated [5]. Lorentz force voltages induced in the 111-V compound strips can be neglected because of two peculiarities of the arrangement: (i) The strips have a thickness of half a wavelength, thus having no average velocity component.…”

Section: Yig 1 Arrangement For Measuring the Piezoelectric Hall Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piezoelectricity in iii‐v compounds with a phenomenological analysis of the piezoelectric effect

Arlt

Quadflieg

1968

Physica Status Solidi (b)

279

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The piezoelectric stress constants el, of In%, InAs, GaSb, GaAs, and AlSb have been measured at room temperature and found to be 0.071; 0.045; 0.13; 0.16, and 0.068 C/mZ respectively. If the 111-V compound crystals are expanded in the <111) direction, the A-faces (metal atoms) become negatively charged, in contrast to 11-VI compounds, in which the equivalent faces become positively charged. Using a model of a layered lattice, we show that three different mechanisms may contribute to the piezoelectric effect. These mechanisms are 1. the internal displacement of the ionic charge, 2. the internal displacement of the electronic charge. 3. the change in ionicity due to strain.

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Section: Measuring Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yig 1 Arrangement For Measuring the Piezoelectric Hall Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectricity in iii‐v compounds with a phenomenological analysis of the piezoelectric effect

Arlt

Quadflieg

1968

Physica Status Solidi (b)

279

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“…The use of multiple thermal sensors can cater better for nonuniform heating distributions provided that the number of sensors is adequate and that their presence does not affect the absorption process. It has been proposed previously for the measurement of ultrasound power or intensity (Wells 1963;Mikhailov 1964;Lloyd 1967;van den Ende 1969;Herman and Stewart, 1973;Zapf et al 1976;Torr and Watmough 1977;Delchar and Melvin, 1994). To do this in a HIFU field where the Ϫ6 dB focal diameter may be 1 mm or less would require an extremely high sensor density.…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Buoyancy Method for the Measurement of Total Ultrasound Power Generated by HIFU Transducers

Shaw

2008

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…Calorimetry has long been used as a tool for quantifying the total acoustic power generated by ultrasound transducers [23,24]. Its simplicity re-mains one of its major attractions; acoustic power generated by a transducer is absorbed within a suitable reservoir forming part of a calorimeter, with the resultant temperature rise being determined.…”

Section: Measurement Of Acoustic Output Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements, phantoms, and standardization

Zeqiri

Hodnett

2009

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The last 25 years has seen a number of significant developments in the establishment of a measurement infrastructure supporting medical applications of ultrasound. This has allowed manufacturers and users of medical ultrasonic equipment to undertake and compare measurements of key parameters describing the magnitude or strength of the applied ultrasonic field in a meaningful and traceable way: for equipment development, standards compliance, and quality assurance purposes. This paper describes the current state of the art for measurement techniques used to determine the key properties of an ultrasonic field, principally acoustic pressure and acoustic power. Measurement tools and methodologies are described in detail, alongside considerations of how these are likely to develop, shaped by user need. The way that these measurement methods underpin a range of international and national specification standards enabling equipment manufacturers to demonstrate that their equipment is safe and fit for purpose is covered.

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Methods of measuring the absolute intensity of ultrasonic waves in liquids and solids

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Piezoelectricity in iii‐v compounds with a phenomenological analysis of the piezoelectric effect

Piezoelectricity in iii‐v compounds with a phenomenological analysis of the piezoelectric effect

A Buoyancy Method for the Measurement of Total Ultrasound Power Generated by HIFU Transducers

Measurements, phantoms, and standardization

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