Methods of surge point judgment for compressor experiments

Liu, A.X.; Zheng, Xinqian

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.07.015

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to the suggestions of Liu and Zheng [25], a highresponse thermocouple (with a response time less than 18 ms) was mounted at the impeller inlet to determine the surge points and to capture the overall oscillation in the system. This thermocouple could obtain low-frequency flow oscillation and filter out high-frequency disturbance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Surge and Stall in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor

Zheng

Liu

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Flow instability, known as surge and stall, limits the stable operating range of compressors. In this paper, a panoramic map of instability evolution across all typical operations is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a high-speed centrifugal compressor with a maximum speed of 185;000 r∕ min and a corresponding rotation velocity at the impeller outlet of 593 m∕s. Twelve high-response Kulite pressure probes are mounted on the internal surface of the compressor's casing. The experimental results show that the instability phenomena are quite complex and diverse at different operations. At low speed (<70% of the maximum speed), high-frequency and low-frequency stall successively occurs at the impeller, and is followed by surge as mass flow rate reduced. The transient process of surge is a transient stall/unstall self-loop, with the "self-similarity" to the sustainable stall/unstall conditions. At 70% of the maximum speed, the system exhibits two types of surge, a minor-amplitude periodic surge with a frequency close to the Helmholtz system resonance frequency, and a deep surge. There is a non-surge region between them. Meanwhile the 70% of the maximum speed is a critical speed, beyond which the stable flow range narrows down abruptly. When the compressor operates at near of the maximum speed, surge suddenly sets in from stable state and there is no preceding stall. Finally, a new "mass-spring-damper" model is introduced for the first time to illustrate the diversity of surge/stall patterns across different operations. NomenclatureA c = equivalent compressor duct area Ai = impeller inlet, where i is equal to 1, 2 a = averaged sound velocity B= non-dimensional parameter on Greitzer's theory Bi = impeller mid-span, where i is equal to 1, 2 C = compressor characteristic Ci = diffuser inlet, where i is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 c = slope of compressor characteristic c p = specific heat capacity at constant pressure Di = diffuser mid-section, where i is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 d c = equivalent diameter of the duct F = the friction loss factor F n = friction resistance loss f c = system oscillation frequency f H = Helmholtz frequency f r = rotor frequency G = throttle characteristic g = throttle characteristic slope k = specific heat ratio l c = equivalent length of the duct m = mass flow rate m r = nondimensional mass flow rate N = compressor rotational speed n = intersecting pipe number S c = compressor energy factor T = temperature T 01 = static temperature at impeller inlet t o = time length of a rotor revolution p = pressure p dR = reference dynamic pressure u 2r = radial velocity at impeller exit u rev = impeller tip velocity at specific speed u 2τ = tangential velocity at impeller exit V p = volume of the compressed air v 2x = axial velocity in the duct z = pressure or mass perturbation ζ = local resistance coefficient at intersecting pipe λ = frictional resistance coefficient ρ = air density ρ e = air density of ambient temperature φ = corresponding physical quantity Subscripts cri = critical value 0 = total pa...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight specific rotational speeds were measured. According to Liu et al [25], the temperature standard deviation remains low at nonsurge points, but rises notably at the surge points. By this means, the surge points are judged and marked by diamonds (both solid and hollow) in Fig.…”

Section: Compressor Performance and Stability Rangementioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Investigation of Surge and Stall in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor

Zheng

Liu

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…Sinusoidal signals of pressure ratio or mass flow rate characterize the deep surge and may be a better criterion for identifying the surge limit [9,10]. Other methods as the analysis of the standard deviation of temperature signals [11] or frequency domain analysis [12,13] have also been applied on automotive turbocharger performances studies. Real-time quantification of the surge margin associated with an appropriate control would achieve the best performance of the system while maintaining stable operation, but it is still a challenge [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive compressor: effect of an electric throttle in the upstream circuit on the surge limit

et al. 2018

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On vehicles equipped with a turbocharged engine, there is a risk of compressor surge. This surge generates instabilities that lead to driving inconvenience, or even mechanical failure of the supercharging system. In general, the surge appears rather in transient operation: sudden closing of the throttle valve on gasoline engine, regulation of the EGR on diesel engine linked also to turbine regulation (VNT device or Waste Gate). On a turbocharger test stand, we set up the surge line in a “conventional way”: stationary experiments. Then we set up this line in transient conditions for different positions of an electric throttle placed upstream the compressor. It appears that: the surge limit is pushing back to lower flow rates when it is determined in transient; the surge limit is pushing back to lower flow rates when closing the throttle valve. The tests were carried on by the transient analysis of the surge during a quick closing-opening of the electric throttle valve.

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“…Some indirect measurements have been made taking advantage of the temperature rise that the inlet experiences because of the high temperature of the compressed flow [36,51]. Low frequency content and standard deviation of the pressure signals have also been used to track the onset and growth of these unstable phenomena [52].…”

Section: Local Inlet Flow Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, not only pressure but also temperature measurement should provide a method for characterizing both the inception of these backflows and their upstream extent. For instance, Liu et al [52] showed how the standard deviation of temperature and pressure measurements are good indicators of deep surge. 34 Two 1.5 mm type K thermocouple arrays were thus installed on the compressor inlet in order to characterize the temperature distribution caused by this backflow.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on turbocharger compressor acoustics

Tíscar¹

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Parts of the work presented in this thesis have been supported by different collaboration agreements with industry partner Jaguar Land Rover Limited, Abbey Road, Whitley, Coventry CV3 4LF, UK. xvi "Good company in a journey makes the way to seem the shorter", wrote Isaak Walton back in 1653 and, certainly, I could not have wished for a better company in this journey. I would like to express my gratitude, first and foremost, to my advisor Prof. Alberto Broatch for his guidance and support in the pursuit of this research. A gratitude that I also must extend to Prof. Galindo and Dr. Navarro, not only for the development of the numerical model but for the many insightful discussions held along the development of this work. Also included in this recognition are certainly the people of the Noise Control research line, specially Prof. Torregrosa, Bernardo Planells and Josep Gómez. My sincere appreciation also goes to my colleagues at CMT-Motores Térmicos, starting with Profs. Payri and Desantes and including the professors, researchers, technicians, students, etc., with whom I shared so many good times. Special thanks as well to the administrative staff, Teresa, Amparo, Julia, for their help navigating the fearsome seas of paperwork. I also wish to thank Profs. Mats Åbom, Susann Boij and Inés López for welcoming me as a visiting researcher in the Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory at the KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, and of course to Luck, Juan Pablo, Romain, Luca, Mathieu, and the many others who offered me their hospitality in Stockholm. I am indebted as well to the people at Jaguar Land Rover with whom we have made so many fruitful collaborations. Last but not least, I wish to thank my friends and family for their everlasting support, specially my parents from whom I inherited the appreciation for mathematics and science. And finally, thank you, Paula, for sharing this journey, and those that may follow. Valencia, 2017 xvii "Hundreds of noises wove themselves into a wiry texture of sound with barbs protruding here and there, smart edges running along it and subsiding again, with clear notes splintering off and dissipating. By this noise alone, whose special quality cannot be captured in words, a man returning after years of absence would have been able to tell with his eyes shut that he was back in the Imperial Capital and Royal City of Vienna.

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Methods of surge point judgment for compressor experiments

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Experimental Investigation of Surge and Stall in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor

Experimental Investigation of Surge and Stall in a High-Speed Centrifugal Compressor

Automotive compressor: effect of an electric throttle in the upstream circuit on the surge limit

Experiments on turbocharger compressor acoustics

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