2004
DOI: 10.1080/15389580490435079
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Methods to Reduce Traffic Crashes Involving Deer: What Works and What Does Not

Abstract: More than 1.5 million traffic crashes involving deer are estimated to occur each year in the United States. These crashes produce at least $1.1 billion in vehicle damage and about 150 fatalities annually. Deer-related crashes are increasing as both deer populations and vehicular travel increase.Many methods have been used in attempts to reduce deer crashes, often with little scientific foundation and limited evaluation. This paper summarizes the methods and reviews the evidence of their effectiveness and the s… Show more

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Cited by 92 publications
(88 citation statements)
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“…However, both from a harvesting and conservation point of view, population reduction alone may not be a welcomed solution. Other mitigating actions such as wildlife fences combined with safe wildlife passages and forest clearing on road shoulders may be alternative solutions (Hedlund et al 2004). Our results are also relevant for studies evaluating the efficiency of such mitigation measures.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
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“…However, both from a harvesting and conservation point of view, population reduction alone may not be a welcomed solution. Other mitigating actions such as wildlife fences combined with safe wildlife passages and forest clearing on road shoulders may be alternative solutions (Hedlund et al 2004). Our results are also relevant for studies evaluating the efficiency of such mitigation measures.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…If increasing traffic volume led to the establishment of efficient mitigating measures, the number of MVC may not necessarily increase with increasing traffic volume. Wildlife fences are now increasingly established along roads in counties with high traffic volume in Norway, and have been shown to effectively reduce the number of UVCs in other countries (Clevenger et al 2001, Hedlund et al 2004. Likewise, high traffic may itself act as a barrier v www.esajournals.org for moose crossing roads.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In the United States, 1.5 million deer-vehicle crashes occur every year that result in 150 fatalities and cost $1.1 billion (Hedlund et al 2004). According to State Farm Insurance (2009), the nationwide average insurance claim for a deer-vehicle crash was $3,050.…”
Section: Background Summary and Problem Statementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, if fences are installed improperly without one-way gates, deer can become trapped inside the fence. These can also be effective if used with other countermeasures, such as wildlife crossings, in order to increase the overall effectiveness of the countermeasures (Hedlund et al 2004).…”
Section: Animal-focused Countermeasuresmentioning
confidence: 99%