Methods used and Results Obtained in Cereal Investigations at the Cornell Station<sup>1</sup>

Love, H. H.; Craig, Wallace

doi:10.2134/agronj1918.00021962001000040001x

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, LOVE (12,13) and LOVE and CRAIG (14) questioned whether competition between adjacent rows of different varieties was a serious source of error in yield testing. From a reinterpretation of STAr)LER'S data, they concluded that varieties ranked similarly when yields were estimated from all rows or only the center rows of a rod-row plot.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of hill plots in oat research

Frey¹

1965

Euphytica

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From 1955 through 1963, approximately 300,000 hill plots have been used in various experiments in the Iowa small grain research program. When grain yield, plant height, and heading date were measured on the same varieties, the genetic correlations between rod rows and hills were 0.98, 0.96 and 0.96, respectively.The coefficients of variation for plant height, weight per volume, spikelets per panicle, panicles per plant, weight per 100 seeds were similar for rod rows and hills. However, the coefficients of variability for grain yield ranged from 2 to 5 times larger for hills than for rod rows. Competition between varieties in adjacent hills had little effect on the performance of varieties.The best method for planting hill plots is the conventional method opening a hole in the soil about 2 inches deep with a hoe, pouring the seed in the hole, and covering it with soil. Rates of planting influenced the expression of grain yield, panicles per plant, and spikelets per panicle, but not weight per 100 seeds and plant height. Approximately 30 seeds per hill appeared the most desirable planting rate.The hill plot method could be used efficiently for early-generation testing of small grains, but final evaluation of strains should be done in rod rows. Much of the experimentation which currently employs rod rows could be done with hill plots.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of hill plots in oat research

Frey¹

1965

Euphytica

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“…As from one and one-half to two times as much seed is planted per nursery row as under field planting, the rate of seeding per acre does not differ materially in the two methods. These row trials have been shown to give results similar to those from field tests, although the average yield of the crop is not the same (Montgomery, 1913;Love and Craig, 1918a).…”

Section: Breeding Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As there are different intensities which are quite uniform in inheritance it seems reasonable to conclude that there are different factors in different varieties for brownish-red color. In a durumvulgare cross, Love and Craig (1918a) Besides the chaff colors there are awn colors. The Howards (1915), in India, obtained a ratio in F 2 of 3.45 black-awned to 1 colorless in a cross between Indian wheats.…”

Section: Breeding Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Love and Craig (1918a), J. B. Norton, of the United States Department of Agriculture, was the first to put the rod-row method into general use.…”

Section: Breeding Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various machines have been made to assist in individual head and plant thrashing. A machine constructed by H. W. Teeter, of the Department of Plant Breeding at Cornell (Love and Craig, 1918a Darwin believed that the mean type of any population could be changed by a plus or minus selection. It was left for…”

Section: Crossingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding crop plants

Hayes¹,

Garber²

1921

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Classification and inheritance in barley Species crosses 99 Simple Mendelian characters Winter versus spring habit 103 Density of the spike 103 The barley awn in relation to yield Some rye studies Wheat-rye hybrids Buckwheat Breeding buckwheat Rice Inheritance of characters CHAPTER VIII METHODS OF BREEDING SMALL GRAINS Method of keeping continuous records Ill New introductions 113 Select'on 114 Summary of methods of selection 115 Crossing 116 Technic of harvesting, thrashing, etc CHAPTER IX SOME RESULTS OF SELECTION WITH SELF-FERTILIZED CROPS Early investigators in selection of self-fertilized cereals Selection within a pure line Selection for the purpose of isolating a pure line 125 2 BREEDING CROP PLANTS times by primitive peoples who developed many varieties. As some of the varieties which were then grown are in existence today and are cultivated in some regions, a little idea of earlier work is obtained. Coming now more nearly to present times we may briefly consider the work of the Indians with maize. Piper speaks of the plan by which seeds of different colors were planted together in one hill with the thought that this method gave increased yields. It tended to keep the varieties in a heterozygous condition. During the last three or four years Squaw Flint from the Indian reservations in Minnesota has averaged as large a yield per acre at University Farm, St. Paul, as the more carefully selected varieties. These facts should help to give the student of plant-breeding some idea of the great accomplishments in plant production in earlier times and to correct possible exaggeration of relative values of the results of recent work. Present-day breeding has achieved great results and will accomplish much more; the foundation, however, was laid many years ago. THE FOUNDERS OF THE ART OF PLANT BREEDING The relation between the science and the art of plant breeding is a very interesting subject. Through many years of trials, methods are improved; and a correct knowledge of the fundamentals of the science often does not widely modify the actual practice involved. As a rule, scientific principles allow some short cuts in breeding methods and help to eliminate erroneous and useless practices. As will be constantly emphasized in this work, there is a close relation between the mode of reproduction and the methods of breeding a plant. A knowledge of sexuality was, therefore, almost a necessity before it was possible to develop the art of breeding. Sexual processes, while not thoroughly understood, were observed in animals three or four centuries B.C. by the Egyptians and Assyrians. Existence of fruit-bearing and sterile trees of the date palm was known to the people of Egypt and Mesopotamia in early times and records of artificial pollination as early as 700 years B.C. have been found (see Fig. 1). The Assyrians commonly referred to the date trees as male and female. The Greeks, however, to whom we look for early FIG. 2. Male and female flowers of date palm about two times natural size. (Photograph taken by Swingle in Sah...

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