Methyl (S)-2-(1–7 (5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) intoxication in a child with identification of two new metabolites (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry)

Szpot, Paweł; Nowak, Karolina; Wachełko, Olga; Tusiewicz, Kaja; Chłopaś-Konowałek, Agnieszka; Zawadzki, Marcin

doi:10.1007/s11419-022-00629-7

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, 103.8% of the previously determined concentration was present in unchanged form in the blood, and 100.6% in the urine. Since the stability test of 4F-ABUTINACA could not be performed, the possibility that its concentration was much higher at the time of the autopsy cannot be excluded [ 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Overdose with the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Simon

Kuźma

Mayer

et al. 2023

Toxics

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A case of a 26-year-old male who died from consuming synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA is reported. MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA are potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs). This is the first detailed reporting of MDMB-4-en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA associated fatality, which can help the routine forensic work. The scientific literature on the symptoms associated with these substances are evaluated, along with the pharmacological properties and possible mechanism of death. A forensic autopsy was performed according to Recommendation No. R (99)3 of the Council of Europe on medico-legal autopsies. Histological samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Complement component C9 immunohistochemistry was applied to all heart samples. Toxicological analyses were carried out by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) and headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID). The literature was reviewed to identify reported cases of MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA use. Autopsy findings included brain edema, internal congestion, petechial bleeding, pleural ecchymoses, and blood fluidity. Toxicological analyses determined 7.2 ng/mL of MDMB-4en-PINACA and 9.1 ng/mL of 4F-ABUTINACA in the peripheral blood. MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA are strong, potentially lethal SCRA, and their exact effects and outcome are unpredictable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Overdose with the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Simon

Kuźma

Mayer

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…The numerous seizures suggest that these substances circulate throughout Europe and are extensively used therein. Indeed, several new molecules belonging to different classes are recurrently detected in ante-mortem samples [38,39], postmortem cases [40][41][42][43][44], and nonbiological specimen [45], such as blotter [46] and soaked letters smuggled into the prisons [47,48]. The number of people who turn to NPS to temporarily escape from personal or social problems, such as unemployment, homelessness and/or incarceration, is increasing.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting novel psychoactive substances around the world

Salomone,

Vincenti

2024

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of review The worldwide spread of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the illicit drug market and their continuous increase in number and type, for the purpose of bypassing controlled substance legislation, represents a continuing challenge for forensic scientists, clinicians and enforcement authorities. We aim to provide information regarding the most urgent harms related to NPS consumption in different world regions and the current state of the art for NPS analysis. Recent findings Unfortunately, the identification of NPS in biological samples is controversial, especially when samples are limited, or the drug is promptly and extensively metabolized. This causes a lack of information on their real diffusion in different parts of the world and in different populations. New technologies and instrumental detection of NPS in alternative samples are offering comprehensive information about NPS use. Summary The lack of detection and underreporting of NPS in biological samples makes it difficult to obtain complete qualitative and quantitative information about NPS prevalence. The most innovative strategies that have been proposed in the last 2 years to assist NPS analysis and possibly facilitate the understanding of the NPS diffusion around the world are presented.

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“…In more than 30 cases mentioned in the literature the nitrate or nitrite level was measured in gastric content and in some others in the vitreous humor. This shows the necessity to extend the application of methods used for toxic substances analysis to non-routine biological materials [172][173][174][175][176][177]. In summary, nitrates and/or nitrites were determined in biological material in only about 15% of cases, which illustrates and indicates a major analytical problem and the lack of availability of adequate reliable methods in this area.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrites: An Old Poison or a Current Hazard? Epidemiology of Intoxications Covering the Last 100 Years and Evaluation of Analytical Methods

Tusiewicz,

Kuropka,

Workiewicz

et al. 2023

Toxics

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In recent times, there has been a concerning and noteworthy rise in the global use of sodium nitrite for suicidal purposes. This is facilitated either through the employment of specialized “suicide kits” or by acquiring sodium nitrite through alternative means. Additionally, another occurrence contributing to nitrite poisoning is the recreational utilization of nitrites in the form of volatile aliphatic esters of nitrous acid, commonly referred to as “poppers”. Based on current available papers and reports on the subject of nitrates, nitrites, and poppers intoxications, an epidemiological analysis and evaluation of analytical methods were performed. A total of 128 papers, documenting a collective count of 492 intoxication cases, were identified. Additionally, in order to complete the epidemiological profile of nitrite poisoning, the authors briefly examined six cases of nitrite intoxication that were under investigation in our laboratory. Furthermore, a review of nitrite poisoning cases over the past 100 years shows that the old poison is still in use and poses a substantial risk to society.

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Methyl (S)-2-(1–7 (5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) intoxication in a child with identification of two new metabolites (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry)

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Fatal Overdose with the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Fatal Overdose with the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists MDMB-4en-PINACA and 4F-ABUTINACA: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Detecting novel psychoactive substances around the world

Nitrites: An Old Poison or a Current Hazard? Epidemiology of Intoxications Covering the Last 100 Years and Evaluation of Analytical Methods

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