Methyl Violet Degradation Using Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Processes Over Graphite/PbTiO3 Composite

Abstract

Photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methyl violet dye using Graphite/PbTiO3 composites has been conducted. The purposes of this research were to examine photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methyl violet using Graphite/PbTiO3 composite. Synthesis of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite was successfully performed via sol-gel method by mixing graphite powder, titanium tetra isopropoxide precursor solution (TTIP) and Pb(NO3)2. The Graphite/PbTiO3 composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD diffractogram and IR spectrum of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite revealed all characteristic peak of graphite and PbTiO3. Photocatalytic degradation process showed that Graphite/PbTiO3 composite with ratio 1/1 decreased concentrations of methyl violet up to 92.20 %. While photoelectrocatalytic degradation processed for 30 minutes at neutral pH and 10 V voltage degraded the methyl violet until 94 %. However, the photoelectrocatalysis is still not significance to improve methyl violet degradation compared with photocatalysis.

A new approach to the synthesis of CuFe2O4@CeO2 direct Z‐scheme with a core‐shell structure for enhanced photo‐degradation of methyl violet under ultraviolet and visible‐light irradiation

“…Some recent studies on the photodegradation of MV are listed in Table 4. From the results listed in this table, we can conclude that the CeO 2 @CuFe 2 O 4 photocatalyst shows has excellent catalytic performance compared with other photocatalysts previously reported by other authors, especially in the range of visible light 57–60 …”

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides for Methyl Violet and Peat Water Photooxidation

“…Based on the DE value, the MV removals obtained in this work were not as high as the use of other photocatalysts such as ZnO, PbTiO 3 , TiSiW 12 O 40 /TiO 2 , or 3D MOF [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The DE values by these photocatalysts were around 80–99%; in particular, the values obtained by ZnO and TiO 2 were 90% and 94% for 90 min of treatment [ 34 , 36 ]. Some factors in the photocatalytic testing such as photocatalyst dosage and MV concentration are the crucial factors that gave different effectivities.…”

“…Some factors in the photocatalytic testing such as photocatalyst dosage and MV concentration are the crucial factors that gave different effectivities. As an example, the initial MV utilized in the use of PbTiO 3 was 5 ppm with the photocatalyst dose of 3 g/30 mL and the dosage of 0.3 g/L for 10 ppm of MV by ZnO [ 34 , 36 ]. In the other MV photodegradation experiment, the DE of 85% by 3D MOF at the dosage was 8 g/L for 5 ppm of MV [ 37 ].…”

Photodegradation and Photoelectrodegradation of Methyl Orange and Methyl Violet Dyes using Graphite/PbTiO3 Composite under Visible Light Irradiation

“…TiO2 has been modified using some additive to increase the photodegradation efficiency such as carbon/ semiconductor, metal oxide (Awfa et al, 2018), TiO2/ZnCr2O4 (Salehi et al, 2019), TiO2/wood charcoal (Luo et al, 2015), TiO2/carbon nitride (Crake et al, 2019). Purnawan et al (2016) and Purnawan et al (2018) showed that Graphite/PbTiO3 able to degrade textile waste water under UV irradiation and it can improve under electric current. Bhatti et al (2016) concluded that PbTiO3 is a ferroelectric material with the highest spontaneous polarization Ps among all the ferroelectric perovskites.…”